臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文研製一高功因風力能最大功率追蹤系統，其主要是由三組單相功率可控式功率因數修正器和一風力最大功率追蹤控制器所組成，以實現三相風力發電機之功率因數改善與風力發電之最大功率追蹤功能。其中單相功率可控式功率因數修正器是由一橋式整流器、一全橋式轉換器與一功率修正因數晶片UC3854所構成，而風力最大功率追蹤控制器是由一盛群半導體公司所產之微處理器HT46R24所實現，並配合一最大追蹤功率演算法完成風力能最大功率點追蹤之功能。其具有系統電路模組化、改善風力發電機組之發電效率、減少風力發電機之運轉噪音等優點。最後本文實作一600W高功因風力能最大功率追蹤系統，以驗證本文所系統之可行性。實驗結果顯示，本文所提之高功因風力能最大功率追蹤系統可在風力發電機組操作於不同風速時，其風力發電機之功率因數皆在0.98以上，並能操作於最大功率點，有效地改善風力發電機組之發電效率。

This paper proposed a high- power- factor wind energy maximum power point tracking system, which is composed of three “Single Phase Power-Controlled Power Factor Correctors(PFC)” and one “Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller(MPPTC)”. With PFC and MPPTC, the proposed system can increase the power factor in the circuit and obtain the maximum energy from the three-phase wind generator. Each “Single Phase Power-Controlled Power Factor Correctors” is composed of one single-phase rectifier, one full bridge converter, and one power factor corrector (PFC) IC UC3854; and “Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller” is implemented by one microchip “HT46R24” with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The proposed system has advantages that modulizes the system、increases the wind generator efficiency and decreases the noise of the wind generator. At last, the proposed system will be verified by implementation of a 600W prototype
As experiment results, the proposed “high- power- factor wind energy maximum power point tracking system” not only reach a high power factor at 0.98, but also operate at the mpp under different wind velocity conditions, which improves the efficiency of the wind energy system effectively.

摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 內容大綱 4
第二章 風力發電系統介紹 5
2.1 風力發電原理與特性 5
2.2 風力發電機種類 10
2.3 風力最大功率追蹤 14
第三章 三相整流系統與功率因數修正器 18
3.1 三相整流系統 18
3.2 三相回流分析 22
3.3 功率因數修正器 25
第四章 系統電路架構與動作原理 31
4.1 系統電路架構介紹 32
4.2 系統電路動作原理 33
第五章 實例設計 38
5.1 全橋式轉換器設計 39
5.2 功因/功率控制器之設計 43
5.3 最大功率追蹤控制器之設計 48
第六章 實驗結果 56
6.1 實驗環境簡介 56
6.2 功因改善測試與量測 59
6.3 不同轉速下時之功因修正與量測 61
6.4 最大功率追蹤實驗 66
第七章 結論與未來發展 67
7.1 結論 67
7.2 未來發展 68
參考文獻 69


圖目錄
圖1-1 風力發電系統之基本架構圖 2
圖2-1風力機葉片流速示意圖 5
圖2-2固定風速下之 - 曲線 8
圖2-3不同風速下之風能曲線圖 9
圖2-4垂直軸式發電機 10
圖2-5水平軸式發電機 11
圖2-6獨立供電型 13
圖2-7市電並聯型 13
圖2- 8不同形式之風力發電系統 13
圖2-9最佳轉矩曲線圖 15
圖2-10轉速控制法-功率與轉速之判斷關係圖 16
圖2-11風力機之P-V曲線與擾動觀察法追蹤示意圖 17
圖3-1為三相二極體整流系統 18
圖3-2三相單開關昇壓型整流系統 19
圖3-3三相全橋式全控型整流系統 19
圖3-4三相全橋半控型整流系統 20
圖3-5三單相橋式二極體整流系統 21
圖3-6三相輸入電壓波形 22
圖3-7回流分析操作狀態一 23
圖3-8回流分析操作狀態二 24
圖3-9電壓與電流間無相位差 25
圖3-10電壓與電流間有相位差 25
圖3-11主動式功率因數修正器基本架構圖 28
圖3-12峰值電流法 29
圖3-13平均電流法 29
圖3-14磁滯控制法 30
圖4-1高功因風力能最大功率追蹤系統 31
圖4-2單相功率可控式功率因數修正器 32
圖4-3全橋式轉換器 33
圖4-4全橋式轉換器操作狀態一 34
圖4-5全橋式轉換器操作狀態二 34
圖4-6全橋式轉換器操作狀態三 35
圖4-7功因/功率控制器之方塊圖 36
圖4-8擾動觀察法流程圖 37
圖5-1由D型正反器、NAND閘和NOT閘所構成之驅動電路圖 41
圖5-2驅動電路之動作時間圖 42
圖5-3CD4069並聯輸出示意圖 42
圖5-4UC3854腳位圖 43
圖5-5UC3854內部構造圖 43
圖5-6乘法器輸入電路圖 45
圖5-7輸入電流回授電路圖 46
圖5-8震盪器電阻 與電容 47
圖5-9微處理器HT46R24接腳圖[31] 49
圖5-10微處理器HT46R24內部方塊圖[31] 50
圖5-11微處理器擷取回授訊號與控制三相功率輸入示意圖 51
圖5-12PC817光耦合隔離電路 52
圖5-13控制訊號隔離傳輸示意圖 53
圖5-14最大功率追蹤程式動作流程圖 55
圖6-1本文所使用之風力機 56
圖6-2單相功率可控功率因數修正器 57
圖6- 3風力發電模擬與測試系統 57
圖6-4單相橋式整流器未使用功率因數修正時所量測之波形 59
圖6-5單相橋式整流器未使用功率因數修正之功率因數量測圖 60
圖6-6輸入配合單相功率可控功率因數修正器所量測之波形 60
圖6-7單相功率可控功率因數修正器之功率因數量測圖 60
圖6-8發電機操作於300rpm輸入相電壓與電流波形圖 62
圖6-9發電機操作於300rpm輸入線電壓與電流波形圖 62
圖6-10發電機操作於416rpm輸入相電壓與電流波形圖 63
圖6-11發電機操作於416rpm輸入線電壓與電流波形圖 63
圖6-12發電機操作於533rpm輸入相電壓與電流波形圖 64
圖6-13發電機操作於533rpm輸入線電壓與電流波形圖 64
圖6-14發電機操作於300rpm功率因數量測圖 65
圖6-15發電機操作於416rpm功率因數量測圖 65
圖6-16發電機操作於533rpm功率因數量測圖 65
圖6-17風力發電機模擬之特性曲線與最大功率追蹤點 66

表目錄
表5-1單相功率可控式功率因數修正器規格表 38
表5-2UC3854腳位說明 44
表5-3微處理機HT46R24之接腳明細 53
表6-1 風力發電機規格 58
表6-2電動機規格 58

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