臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

養豬業是台灣畜牧業中產值最高的產業，同時也產生相當大量含有豐富養分之排泄物，若善加利用可製成堆肥，或做為養殖蚯蚓的基質。試驗 Trial 1、2 為找出最適當的混合比例，利用不同比例 0-70% 豬糞與相對應的 100-30% 廢棄太空包木屑搭配成蚯蚓養殖基質 (PM0–PM7)。結果顯示 PM7 處理組之生質量顯著高於他組。繼之 Trial 3 為了試驗豬糞與木屑此兩種基質的混合是否對蚯蚓成長有影響，而進行蚯蚓利用兩種基質的分層試驗: 結果顯示蚯蚓無法適應 100% 的豬糞基質，但可適應經分層處理之培養基質。依此進一步設計 Trial 4 實驗，結果顯示豬糞置於上層的處理組其表現較置於下層與混合組為佳。Trial 5 在飼養密度含 10g 蚯蚓與乾重 100g 的基質，其中 PM5、PM7 之生質量 (biomass) 可維持成長到第 8 週、增重率能維持到第 6 週。唯蚯蚓利用豬糞會伴隨餵飼豬之商業飼料中添加銅、鋅而累積較高的重金屬，而本研究的基質經蚯蚓處理8週後，不論是蚓糞與蚯蚓的重金屬含量皆符合禽畜糞便堆肥的安全標準，證明本研究可應用於促進廢棄物資源循環型的利用。

Abstract
The pig farming industry is the fourth largest livestock industry in Taiwan, however its value and manure production is the greatest. It not only generates a considerable amount of waste, but also contains a wealth of nutrients, which can be utilized as compost by mixing with the provision of agricultural production and possibly be used as a food source for earthworms. This study aims to evaluate if the largest amount of animal waste in Taiwan i.e pig manure (PM) mixed with sawdust (spent mushroom substrate/SMS) in different proportions, can be used for the culture medium of earthworms. Their growth efficiency was also analyzed. In the present study, 0% to 70% of the pig manure (PM0-PM7) was respectively mixed with 100% to 30% sawdust as the experimental groups (groups at every 10% interval) for vermiculture at the density 2.5g earthworm /100g substrate (dry weight)lasted for 8 -12 weeks in Trials 1 and 2. The results showed that the group PM7 (70% pig manure : 30% sawdust ) was significantly higher than other groups either in the final biomass or the growth rate. The performance of earthworms from the stratified experiments in Trial 3 showed that the earthworms not being able to adapt well with the treatment of 100% pig manure (PM10) but adapt well with the stratified substrate. Hence based on the preliminary results from Trial 3 the following experiment PM0, PM5, PM7 respectively mixed and placing PM in the upper or lower layers of SMS in Trial 4. For the treatment of pig manure placing underneath the sawust, its performance is worse than that of the upper and mixed treatments. Both PM5 and PM7 treatments with density 10g earthworm/100g (dry weight) achieved the greatest biomass in the eighth week and growth rate in the sixth week respectively, and aftetrwards both slowly decreased with the passing weeks. The commercial pig feed generally administered Cu, Zn to promote the growth and health of the animal will often lead to its manure containing high level of heavy metals. In the present study, the concentration of heavy metals in either earthworms or vermicomposting for 8 weeks both meet the safety requirements from the regulations of compost and fish meal. Therefore this study can be applied to the practical promotion of waste (pig manure) recycling and utilization.

謝誌 1
摘要 2
目錄 3
圖次 8
表次 13
附表次 13
壹、 前言 14
貳、 研究回顧 14
一、 農業廢棄物 20
(1) 衛生掩埋 26
(2) 焚化處理 27
(3) 堆肥處理 29
(4) 蚯蚓堆肥 35
二、 蚯蚓 40
三、 蚯蚓的利用 44
(1) 土壤改良與肥力指標 44
(2) 環境指標 45
(3) 蚯蚓的利用 47
四、 蚯蚓的養殖條件 51
參、 材料與方法 20
一、 試驗前期蚯蚓對基質需求量之評估 55
二、 基質設置 57
三、 實驗場地環境 59
四、 觀察、記錄項目與方式 61
五、 分析步驟 63
肆、 實驗結果 67
一、 生質量與變化量 67
(1) Trial 1生質量與變化量 71
(2) Trial 2生質量與變化量 73
(3) Trial 4生質量與變化量 75
(4) Trial 5生質量與變化量 77
二、 族群結構 79
(1) Trial 1族群結構 79
(2) Trial 2族群結構 86
(3) Trial 4族群結構 92
(4) Trial 5族群結構 98
三、 蚯蚓組成分 102
(1) Trial 1 蚯蚓組成分 102
(2) Trial 2 蚯蚓組成分 103
(3) Trial 4 蚯蚓組成分 107
四、 Trial 5 蚯蚓卵囊紀錄 110
五、 蚯蚓礦物質與重金屬含量 114
(1) Trial 1蚯蚓礦物質與重金屬含量 114
(2) Trial 2蚯蚓礦物質與重金屬含量 116
(3) Trial 4蚯蚓礦物質與重金屬含量 119
六、 基質中礦物質與重金屬含量 121
(1) Trial 1基質中礦物質與重金屬含量 121
(2) Trial 2基質中礦物質與重金屬含量 124
(3) Trial 4基質中礦物質與重金屬含量 127
七、 Trial 5 基質之物理與化學結構 129
伍、 討論 133
一、 生質量 133
(1) 基質材料與蚯蚓生質量 133
(2) 基質理化特性與蚯蚓生質量 135
(3) 環境與蚯蚓生質量 136
二、 蚯蚓組成分 140
(1) 水分含量 140
(2) 粗蛋白質 140
(3) 粗脂肪 141
(4) 灰分 141
(5) 無氮抽出物 141
三、 卵囊紀錄 144
四、 蚯蚓礦物質與重金屬含量 146
五、 基質與蚓糞中礦物質與重金屬含量 149
六、 基質之理化特性 151
(1) 總氮含量 151
(2) 電導度 152
(3) pH值 152
(4) 總有機碳 153
(5) 灰分 153
(6) 碳氮比 154
陸、 結論 155
柒、 參考文獻 157
捌、 附錄 176

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