臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

時至今日，再生能源的長遠發展逐步備受關切與重視，生質柴油便是其一。它的特點是對環境友好的，因此被視為一種綠能的表現。在本研究中，為了製造生質柴油，透過微波加熱方式使反應經過酯交換並使用氧化鍶做為催化劑來加速其進行。
由化學方程式得知，油和醇是必須的反應材料。於本實驗中，使用新鮮大豆沙拉油和廢棄食用油做為主要來源油，另使用甲醇原因是低成本。為了製造高轉化率的油，催化劑用量、醇油摩爾比、微波輸出功率、作用時間等均為決定因素。於微波中，為了不同用途，將使用批次處理系統和連續流系統。批次處理系統將有利於調整參變量，而連續流系統將聚焦於相對大量生產。
於分析測試中，使用氣相色譜法以驗證食用油之轉化率，並運用掃描電鏡以觀察催化劑表面形態，同時搭配X射線衍射和能量色散譜以進行催化劑物質組成和表徵分析。
實驗結果表明，對於廢棄食用油的最優工藝條件為微波功率500 W、催化劑用量3%、醇油摩爾比6:1，和流速160 mL/min。最優油轉化率為93.13%。於此，比較批次系統和連續流系統，便可得知連續流系統可大幅度地提升微波爐使用之效益，尤其是在反應時間縮短的成效上特別顯著。
內容討論方面，於本論文中之四個參變量，如：催化劑添加量、油醇摩爾比、微波使用瓦數，及反應時間等，均會影響轉脂化轉化率之高低，過量或不適當的配置將導致反應不周全，如形成逆反應、皂化作用、機械器具過熱、反應時間延宕等。
本研究希望能藉由收集住家或餐館產生之廢食用油做為原料，以提供大量生質柴油反饋於民，達到正向循環關係。

Biodiesel fuel has characteristics that feature environmentally friendly properties and thus is thought of as a kind of green energy. To produce biodiesel, in this study, a microwave apparatus is utilized for heating in association with a transesterification reaction. In addition, strontium oxide is exploited as a catalyst to expedite the process.
Based on the chemical formula, reactant oil as well as alcohol are required. In this experiment, both clean soybean oil and waste cooking oil are tested, and methanol is adopted for the sake of its low cost. To generate high conversion in oil, the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of methanol-to-oil, and the output power as well as the reaction time in the microwave are all considered as parameters. Regarding the microwave, both a batch system and a continuous flow system are applied for different proposes. The batch system highlights the ease of adjusting parameters while the continuous flow system focuses on a relatively larger quantity of oil production.
To verify the oil conversion, GC is used. Meanwhile, a SEM is responsible for the morphology observation of the catalyst. Furthermore, an XRD and an EDS are used in the component analysis of the catalyst.
The final results indicate that a set of optimal parameters for waste cooking oil is 500 W with 3% catalyst and a molar ratio of 6:1 of methanol-to-oil under 160 mL/min of flow velocity, reaching a 93.13% oil conversion. It is compared with the batch system one and is proven to have better efficacy especially in regard to time-consumption.
In discussion, these factors may have impacts on the conversion, including a backward reaction, saponification formation, overheating, and a postponement situation.
It is expected to generate in a larger quantity to supply the citizens by collecting the daily waste cooking oil to promote a positive cycle relation.

摘要 I
Abstract II
Acknowledgement III
List of Contents V
List of Tables VIII
List of Figures IX
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Preface 1
1.2 Motivation 2
1.3 Literature Survey 5
1.3.1 Optimization of Experiment by Taguchi Method 5
1.3.2 Comparison of Heterogeneous Catalysts 8
1.3.3 Transesterification under SrO Catalysis 12
1.3.4 Quantity Decision of Methanol and Catalyst Amount 15
1.4 Objective 17
Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis 19
2.1 Brief Study of Biodiesel 19
2.2 Main Classification of Catalysts 22
2.3 Microwave Application and the Related Discussion 27
Chapter 3 Materials and Method 35
3.1 Experimental Concept 35
3.2 Experimental Design 35
3.3 Experimental Procedure 38
3.4 Experimental Instruments 41
3.4.1 Microwave Heating System 41
3.4.2 Gas Chromatograph (GC) 43
3.4.3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 44
3.4.4 X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) 46
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion of the Batch System 48
4.1 Effects of Applied Microwave Power and Reaction Time 48
4.2 Verification of Catalyst Amount 51
4.3 Ratio Between Methanol and Oil 53
4.4 Recycle Time Estimation 56
4.4.1 Oil Conversion Test using a Gas Chromatograph 56
4.4.2 Catalyst Morphology Observation using a Scanning Electron Microscope 58
4.4.3 Catalyst Microstructure Analysis using an X-ray Diffractometer and an Energy Dispersive Spectroscope 60
Chapter 5 Performance of Continuous Flow System 65
5.1 Relationships Between Flow Velocity and Oil Conversion 65
5.2 Measurement of Corresponding Reaction Temperature 68
Chapter 6 Conclusion 70
6.1 Conclusions 70
6.2 Prospects 71
References 73

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