臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本論文目的為設計和製作數位控制高線性增益可變增益放大器(Variable Gain Amplifier, VGA)。使用HSPICE和MATLAB進行電路模擬和分析，再以國家晶片中心(CIC)提供的Laker完成電路佈局，並使用台積電(TSMC)0.18 um CMOS製程進行晶片製作。
　　本論文製作的可變增益放大器，分為兩部分:放大電路和控制電路，放大電路為近似指數函數來做設計，以泰勒式展開取到二次項來近似指數函數，並分成四段，以不同展開點來做分段。控制電路為使用數位控制概念設計，來控制四段的輸出。
　　本論文模擬之輸入範圍-10μA至10μA，提供電壓為1.8V，其線性增益範圍為108dB，線性誤差±0.5dB以內，頻寬為37MHz至268MHz，功率消耗為7.8mW至10.1mW，佈局面積為0.432*0.32(mm2)。

　　The propose of this thesis is to design and implement the circuits of a Digital control Variable Gain Amplifier with High Linear Gain. We use HSPICE and MATLAB for circuit simulation and analysis. Circuit layout is used the Laker which provided by CIC. The Chip is fabricated by TSMC 0.18 um CMOS process.
　　In this thesis, the variable gain amplifier is divided into two parts: Amplifier circuit and control circuit. The amplifier circuit is designed by exponential function which approximated by second order Taylor’s polynomial. The control circuit is designed by one set of segmentation control circuit. The amplifier circuit is designed by four sets of second order Taylor’s polynomial circuit at different input points and one set of segmentation control circuit.
　　The simulated result is based on the input range of -10μA to 10μA, the power supply of 1.8V and the linear gain error within±0.5dB. The linear gain range is 108dB, the bandwidth is 37MHz to 268MHz, the power consumption is from 7.8mW to 10.1mW and the area of chip is 0.432*0.32(mm2).

第一章　緒論......................1
1.1研究背景與動機.................1
1.2研究步驟與方法.................2
1.3論文架構......................2
第二章　單段式可變增益放大器........3
2.1前言.........................3
2.2數學原理......................3
2.3電路架構......................5
2.4模擬結果.....................10
第三章　四分段之可變增益放大器電路..15
3.1前言.........................15
3.2數學原理.....................15
3.3電路架構.....................18
3.3.1 Block-C..................19
3.3.2 Block-X..................20
3.3.3 Block-B..................21
3.3.4 Block-X2.................22
3.3.5 Block-A..................23
3.3.6 數位控制..................24
3.4 電路設計上相關問題...........26
3.5 模擬結果....................32
第四章電路晶片設計...............51
4.1 前言.......................51
4.2 設計考量....................51
4.3 電路佈局....................52
4.4 佈局電路模擬.................53
4.5 文獻比較....................61
第五章結論與未來展望..............62
參考文獻........................63

[1]Q. H. Duong, Q. Le, C. W. Kim, and S. G. Lee, “A 95-dB linear low power variable gain amplifier,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 53,no. 8, pp. 1648–1657, Aug. 2006.
[2]S. Y. Kang, J. Jang, I. Y. Oh, and C. S. Park, “A 2.16 m W Low Power Digitally-Controlled Variable Gain Amplifier, ” IEEE Microwave. Wireless Components Sett, vol. 20, no. 3, March 2010.
[3]H. D. Lee, K. A. Lee, and S. Hong, “A Wideband CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier With an Exponential Gain Control, ” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory. Techniques, vol. 55, no. 6, JUNE 2007
[4]M. Parlak, M. Matsuo, and J. Buckwalter, “A 6-bit wideband variable gain amplifier with low group delay variation in 90nm CMOS,” IEEE Silicon Monolithic Integr. Circuits RF Syst. Top. Meeting, Santa Clara, CA, USA, Jan. 2012, pp. 147–150.
[5]Y. Wang, et. al., “A 2.5 mW inductorless wideband VGA with dual feedback DC-offset correction in 90 nm CMOS technology,” in Proc. IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, pp. 91-94. April 2008.
[6]R. Kitamura, T. Tsukizawa, and N. Saito, “An 84 dB-gain-range and 1 GHz-bandwidth variable gain amplifier using gain flattening capacitors for multi-gigabit radio,” IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium, pp.20-23. Jan. 2013
[7]R. Harjani, “A low power CMOS VGA for 50 Mb/s disk drive channels,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Analog Digit. Signal Process . , vol. 42 no. 6, pp. 370-376,Jun 1995.
[8]Motamed, C. Hwang, and M. Ismail, “A low- voltage low-power wide-range CMOS variable gain amplifier,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Analog Digit. Signal Process . , vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 800-811, Jul. 1998
[9]C.-C. Chang, M.-L. Lin, and S.-I. Liu, “CMOS current-mode exponential-control variable-gain amplifier,” Electron. Lett., vol. 37, no. 14, pp. 868–869, Jul. 2001.
[10]W. Liu, S.-I. Liu, and S.-K. Wei, “CMOS exponential control variable gain amplifiers,” Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. Circuits Devices Syst., vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 83-86, Apr. 2004.
[11]W. Liu, S.-I. Liu, and S.-K. Wei, “CMOS current -mode divider and its applications,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 145-148, Mar 2005.
[12]D.Q.Hoang , T.K.Nguyen, and L.S.Gug, “CMOS Exponential Current to Voltage Circuit Based on Newly Proposed Approximation Method, ” ISCAS-IEEE 2004, vol.2,pp.865-8,2004.