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Modernization of education germinated during the Japanese Colonial Period in Taiwan (1895 ~ 1945), two-track system of education derived to “Elementary School” for Japanese, and “Public Elementary School” for Taiwanese in the policy of Japanese Colonial. “Elementary School” and “Public Elementary School” transformed to “Primary School” by the National Government, and continued to use as school after the World War II. However, most of the research of “Elementary School” and “Public Elementary School” discussed the school system, or the content of the differences in education, less study related differences between those two buildings. This paper focused on “Elementary School” and “Public Elementary School” in Taipei City during the initial of Japanese Colonial Period. According to official documents as the basis of research, with other newspaper, literature and field visits, to trace back the background of establishment and the process of development. In addition to establishing school beyond the early school history, also organized the differences between “Elementary School” and “Public Elementary School” from the process of development. Besides, this paper discussed the distribution of Japanese and Taiwanese during the Japanese Colonial Period from setting both school in Taipei.
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