臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討搭配LLCL濾波器之多功能換流器的硬體設計及軟體控制，其中硬體為三相四線半橋式電路架構；控制方面則採數位控制並使用Renesas RX62T群組的微控制器作為控制核心。本研究首次將分切合整數位控制應用於搭配LLCL濾波器的換流器上，並探討LLCL濾波器參數設計、潛在振盪問題及實務考量等課題。
為了因應直流微電網與再生能源的發展，本研究之換流器提供多種運作模式，包含市電併聯、整流、直流鏈穩壓及主動電力濾波等模式。其中，換流器操作於市電併聯模式時，可依照電力公司要求進行實/虛功調度；當直流側電量不足時，換流器能夠快速平滑地從市電併聯模式切換至整流模式。此外，為拓展換流器之應用性，本研究亦針對兩台換流器的串連循環功能進行測試，以印證其擴充能力。
本研究所採用之控制法為分切合整數位控制，其優點為將電感值變化納入考量，可避免因電感值衰減造成的輸出波型失真；再者，其開關責任比率計算公式與電流誤差量有直接對應關係，使韌體編寫更加簡易；更重要的是，不同運作模式可共用相同的開關責任比率表示式來控制，大大降低控制複雜度。最後，將分切合整數位控制法實際應用於換流器控制，模擬與實測結果顯示，輸出電流能滿足IEEE Std 519™-2014的總諧波失真要求，驗證換流器的可行性。

This thesis presents design and implementation of a three-phase four-wire inverter with LLCL output filter. To achieve higher applicability in the emerging development of dc micro-grid and renewable energy systems, the inverter is equipped with multiple functions, including grid-connection, rectification, dc-link voltage regulation and active power filtering (APF).
In general, control strategies used in most multi-function systems tend to be complex, where each operation mode requires its own way of control. However, the division-summation (D-∑) digital control adopted in this thesis is able to overcome the above problem. With one common duty-ratio expression, various operations can be realized with different current commands, which greatly reduces the control complexity. Furthermore, with system parameters such as grid voltage, dc-link voltage, filter inductance and switching period included in the duty-ratio expression, the inverter is capable of operating normally despite of parameter variation.
Being the first to apply the D-∑ digital control to the inverter with an LLCL filter, this thesis also proposes several solutions on problems that could occur in hardware implementation; besides, parameter design procedure is also addressed and can be adapted to applications with different specifications.
Finally, each operation mode has been tested with a prototype built in lab. Measured results show consistency with simulation, and most importantly, output current can comply with the total harmonic distortion requirement stated in “IEEE Std 519™-2014”.

目錄
誌謝 i
摘要 ii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-2-1 三相換流器架構介紹 2
1-2-2 常用輸出濾波器介紹 6
1-3 論文大綱 14
第二章 系統架構與元件參數設計 16
2-1 系統架構 16
2-2 電力級元件設計 17
2-2-1 系統規格 17
2-2-2 直流鏈電容 17
2-2-3 開關元件 18
2-2-4 輸出濾波器 19
第三章 分切合整數位控制 34
3-1 控制法則介紹 34
3-2 電路動作原理分析與控制法則推導 35
3-2-1 市電併聯模式 35
3-2-2 整流模式 45
3-2-3 直流鏈電壓調節模式 46
3-2-4 主動電力濾波模式 49
3-2-5 兩台串聯循環模式 54
第四章 換流器周邊電路設計 55
4-1 輔助電源 55
4-1-1 開關驅動電源 57
4-2 電壓回授電路 57
4-2-1 電力級回授電路 58
4-2-2 控制級回授電路 59
4-3 電感電流回授電路 64
4-4 類比保護電路 65
4-5 開關驅動電路 66
4-6 直流鏈預充電路 69
4-7 電容電壓平衡電路 70
第五章 韌體規劃 73
5-1 微控制器RX62T群組簡介 73
5-2 微控制器模組設定 74
5-2-1 多功能計時器(MTU3) 74
5-2-2 通用PWM計數器(GPT) 75
5-2-3 12位元類比/數位轉換器(12-bit A/D converter) 79
5-3 主程式流程規劃 81
5-3-1 A/D中斷副程式 83
5-3-2 市電併聯模式與整流模式 84
5-3-3 直流鏈電壓調節模式 85
5-3-4 主動電力濾波模式 86
5-3-5 兩台串聯模式 86
第六章 模擬與實測結果 88
6-1 系統規格與參數總表 88
6-2 實務考量 90
6-3 模擬與實測結果 92
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 114
7-1 結論 114
7-2 未來研究方向 115
參考文獻 116

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