臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以超音波/過硫酸鹽/無機鹽聲解程序處理廢水中含酚之水溶液，探討無機鹽種類、無機鹽濃度、過硫酸鹽濃度、聲強度、溶液溫度、pH值、鹽類濃度等操作因子對酚去除率之影響與效果，並使用分光光度計檢測進行驗證。
在酚溶液中加入五種不同的無機鹽，以硫酸錳為最佳，因該無機鹽有金屬離子催化的效果；在增加無機鹽濃度方面，可以發現隨著鹽濃度的增加，去除率也隨之上升，該原因為金屬離子催化反應與鹽析效果也會向上提升所造成的結果；在過硫酸鹽濃度方面，在添加至2.3wt%時有最佳值，因加入3wt%過硫酸鹽，使其與硫酸錳進行金屬離子催化反應時產生過多的硫酸根，而造成去除率效果下降之原因；增加超音波輸出的強度，則有機物之去除程度也隨之提升，但過高的輸出強度反而會抑制降解有機物之能力，其原因為過高的強度使得渦泡作用的效果降低，而本實驗是在189.42W/cm2會有最佳去除效果；在溶液反應溫度上面，過硫酸鹽會隨著溫度增加而提高去除率，而無機鹽卻會隨這反應溫度越低而有較好的去除效果，當結合兩者時，其反應溫度會有一最佳值，而本實驗在30℃有最佳去除效果；而在pH值效應中，在酸性條件下，會隨著pH值下降，而有較佳的去除率，但因在極酸環境下，過硫酸鹽會因氫離子過多，而反應生成硫酸根，而造成去除率下降，所以本實驗在pH=3時為最佳值。
在以去離子水模擬酚廢水經由分光光度計來測定過氧化氫生成量的實驗中，可以發現其過氧化氫的生成濃度都與上述實驗結果相符合，所以可以由此佐證以超音波/過硫酸鹽/無機鹽氧化降解程序進行廢水中酚之去除的可行性。

The objective ofthis study is to removal of aqueous solution of phenol in wastewater by ultrasound/persulfate/inorganicsonolysis process. The process at variety of inorganic, inorganic concentration, persulfate concentration, sound intensity, solution temperature, pH value to explore the impact of phenol mineral- ization.And using spectrophotometer to detet hydrogen peroxide production.
The result show that Manganous sulfate hasremoval of phenolic of five inorganic,due to manganese ion catalyzed persulfate easier to change for the sul- fate radical(SO4–･),it must has an optimum effect at mangnesium sulfate. Increas- ing the inorganic concentration can enchance removal of organic pollutant, because of matel ion catalyzed persulfate and salt-out effect will be upward. Increasing the persulfate concentration , due to manganese ion catalyzed can turn to excessive sulfate ion by adding amount to persulfate ,thus adding it has optimal value at 2.3wt%.Increasing acoustic intensity can enhance removal of organic pollutant, however, it must has an optimum value at 189.42W/cm2. Excessive energy will suppress the effect of removal. At the temperature of solution , persulfae will increase as the temperature enchance the removal, but inorganic will be decrease temperature by great removal organic pollutant, so it has an optimal value at 30℃. To regulate the pH value of phenol solution, the mineralization of phenol is produc- tive for experiment conducted in acidic solutions than those conducted in basic solutions. This is probably because of the predominance of molecular phenols in acidic solution, which are more hydrophobic ionic phenol, and more easiy decomposed by pyrolysis and by hydroxyl radicals. But the mineralization can exchance poor at the extreme system, so it has an optimal value at pH=3.
Exploitation spectrophotometer determination of hydrogen peroxide formation experiments with to use deionized water simulate the phenol .According toit can be found to generation of hydrogen peroxide concentrations consistent with the results.So supporting an ultrasound / persulfate / inorganic electrolyte degradation procedure, the removal of phenol in wastewater feasibility.

目錄
中文摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
誌謝 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
目錄 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv
表目錄 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vii
圖目錄 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------viii
第一章 緒論 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
第二章 背景資料與文獻回顧 -----------------------------------------------------------------------2
2-1 酚類概論 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
2-2超音波的介紹 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
2-2-1聲波 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
2-2-2超音波產生原理與特性 --------------------------------------------------------------8
2-2-3 超音波聲化學的反應理論 --------------------------------------------------------10
2-2-4 超音波聲化學的反應機制 --------------------------------------------------------12
2-2-5 影響超音波聲化學反應的因素 -------------------------------------------------16
2-2-6 超音波應用型 ------------------------------------------------------------------------18
2-3過硫酸鹽 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
2-3-1常用的化學氧化劑 -------------------------------------------------------------------21
2-3-2過硫酸鹽之介紹 ----------------------------------------------------------------------23
2-3-3過硫酸鹽的物理和化學特性 ------------------------------------------------------23
2-3-4過硫酸鹽在水溶液中的反應 ------------------------------------------------------24
2-3-5硫酸根自由基的基本原理 ---------------------------------------------------------26
2-3-6過硫酸鹽氧化反應與影響因素 ---------------------------------------------------27
2-3-7過硫酸鈉 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
2-4鹽析效應 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
第三章 研究方法與設備 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------35
3-1實驗藥品 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
3-1-1超音波/過硫酸鹽/無機鹽之聲解程序使用藥品 ----------------------------35
3-1-2調整pH值使用藥品--------------------------------------------------------------35
3-1-3總有機碳分析儀(TOC)使用藥品--------------------------------------------35
3-1-4 過氧化氫比色定量使用藥品------------------------------------------------35
3-2實驗設備-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
3-3分析儀器-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
3-4實驗裝置-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
3-5實驗架構-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39
3-5-1超音波/過硫酸鹽/無機鹽類氧化程序---------------------------------------------39
3-5-2超音波/過硫酸鹽/無機鹽類氧化程序並檢測H2O2----------------------------40
3-6檢測分析方法 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
3-6-1總有機碳分析(TOC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------41
3-6-2分光光度計--------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
3-7實驗步驟 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43
3-7-1超音波/過硫酸鹽/無機鹽類處理酚水溶液--------------------------------------43
3-7-2過氧化氫濃度測定----------------------------------------------------------------------45
第四章 結果與討論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------47
4-1 汙染物特性--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------47
4-2以超音波/過硫酸鹽/無機鹽類程序處理含酚水溶液--------------------------------48
4-2-1無機鹽類效應---------------------------------------------------------------------------48
4-2-2無機鹽濃度效應------------------------------------------------------------------------52
4-2-3過硫酸鹽濃度效應---------------------------------------------------------------------53
4-2-4聲強度效應------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
4-2-5溶液反應溫度效應---------------------------------------------------------------------56
4-2-6溶液pH值效應--------------------------------------------------------------------------58
4-3 過氧化氫濃度測定------------------------------------------------------------------------60
4-3-1 過氧化氫濃度之檢量線-------------------------------------------------------61
4-3-2去離子水加鹽與否之過氧化氫比色定量---------------------------------------62
4-3-3 無機鹽濃度效應之過氧化氫比色定量--------------------------------63
4-3-4過硫酸鹽濃度效應之過氧化氫比色定量--------------------------------64
4-3-5聲強度效應之過氧化氫比色定量-----------------------------------------65
4-3-6溫度效應之過氧化氫比色定量---------------------------------------------66
4-3-7pH值效應之過氧化氫比色定量---------------------------------------------67
第五章 結論 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------69

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