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研究生:劉致宏
研究生(外文):Chih-Hung Liu
論文名稱:運用六標準差DMAIC流程與田口實驗計畫法提升檸檬果膠之製程品質
論文名稱(外文):Improving the Process Quality of Lemon Pectin Extraction by Using DMAIC Process of Six Sigma Approach and Taguchi Method
指導教授:蘇明鴻蘇明鴻引用關係
指導教授(外文):Ming-Hung Shu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立高雄應用科技大學
系所名稱:工業工程與管理系
學門:工程學門
學類:工業工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2011
畢業學年度:99
語文別:中文
論文頁數:72
中文關鍵詞:六標準差DMAICSIPOC果膠量測系統分析製程能力分析田口實驗設計法
外文關鍵詞:Six SigmaDMAICPectinSIPOCmeasurement system analysisprocess capability analysisTaguchi Method
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近年來柑橘果皮的再利用非常受到重視,因其果膠物質含量高為萃取果膠之原料,果膠用途相當廣泛,應用於食品、醫藥及化妝品等工業,以檸檬皮為原料提取果膠,製成商、藥用果膠,提高農業廢棄物利用率並且增加農業附加價值,進而提升台灣農產競爭優勢。
本研究藉由有系統的改善流程DMIAC配合各階段所使用的工具進行檸檬果膠製程參數研究,在定義階段藉由SIPOC圖定義出品質特性為檸檬果膠含量比,在衡量階段透過Gage R&R分析顯示為良好的量測系統並進行製程能力分析,在分析階段利用魚骨圖探討可能影響品質特性之因子((A)共生發酵振塞網目數、(B)複性共生發酵振塞網目數、(C)共生發酵攪拌速率、(D)複性共生發酵攪拌速率、(E)自然發酵料液比與(F)自然發酵時間),在改善階段採用田口式實驗設計法,選擇L18(21 × 37)直交表進行實驗,因子A、B、C、D為顯著的因子,選擇S/N比較大的水準作為製程新參數(A:80目、B:150目、C:80 rpm、D:80 rpm),不顯著之因子則依成本低、時間快選擇製程新參數(E:1:1、F:9天),在確認實驗部分,預測值與確認實驗值的信心區間重疊,符合田口實驗設計的假設,改善前後抽樣資料two sample t檢定結果,改善前後之果膠含量比在信心水準95%下有顯著差異且改善後果膠含量比較高(5.9~7.2(%)),在改善後之製程能力分析,抽樣數據在管控狀態內且符合常態性,在控制階段利用管制圖進行2個月品質管控,抽樣數據皆在管制狀態下,另外針對SOP進行製程參數修改以及對作業員進行教育訓練確保新製程參數之執行。
製程參數改善後,品質特性S/N比由34.97提升至35.72,平均值由54.62%提升至61.17%,Cpk由1.05(Level C)提升至2.33(Level A)並且減少了3天生產時間。
The recycling of citrus peels has received great attention in recent years due to the high amount of pectin contained, making citrus peels a source for pectin extraction. Pectin has a wide range of applications in the food, medicine and cosmetics industry. Lemon peels are a common source for extraction and production of pectin for commercial and pharmaceutical purposes. Such use increases the agricultural waste utilization rate and adds value to agriculture, consequently enhancing the competitive edge of agriculture in Taiwan.
This study investigated the parameters of lemon pectin production process by means of a systematically improved DMAIC process and tools for each phase. In the Define phase, a SIPOC diagram was used to define the quality characteristic as the quantity of lemon pectin. A Gage R&R analysis was performed in the Measure phase to determine whether the measurement system was appropriate, and a process capability analysis was also carried out. In the Analyze phase, factors that may influence the quality characteristic ((A) the number of vibrating meshes for symbiotic fermentation; (B) the number of vibrating meshes for complex symbiotic fermentation; (C) agitation rate for symbiotic fermentation; (D) agitation rate for complex symbiotic fermentation; (E) ratio of material to solvent for natural fermentation; and (E) natural fermentation period) were explored using a fishbone diagram. The Taguchi Method was adopted in the Improve phase, and the orthogonal array of L18(21 × 37) was chosen for experiments. Factors A, B, C and D are significant factors, so a standard with a larger S/N was selected as the new process parameters (A: 80 meshes; B: 150 meshes; C: 80 rpm; D: 80 rpm); as for insignificant factors, lowest costs and the least amount of time were the determinants for the new process parameters (E: 1:1, and F: 9 days). In terms of experiment verification, the confidence intervals for the predicted value and experimental value overlapped, which conforms to the hypothesis of the Taguchi Method. The two-sample t-test results before and after the improvement revealed that the quantity of pectin before and after the improvement exhibited a significant difference at the 95% confidence level, and the quantity increased after the improvement (5.9-7.2%). The sampled data regarding the process capability analysis after the improvement showed that the values are under control and conform to normality. In the Control phase, quality control was performed for two months using the control chart, and all of the sampled data were under control. In addition, alterations were made on the process parameters, and educational training was offered to operators, in order to ensure the implementation of new process parameters.
After the improvement of the process parameters, the S/N ratio, the quality characteristic, showed an increase from 34.97 to 35.72, the average value increased from 54.62% to 61.17%, and Cpk increased from 1.05 (Level C) to 2.33 (Level A), with three days saved for production.
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
第一章、 緒論 1
1. 1 研究動機 1
1. 2 研究目的 1
1. 3 研究範圍與限制 2
1. 4 研究流程 2
1. 5 論文架構 3
第二章、 文獻探討 5
2. 1 個案公司與檸檬果膠製程簡介 5
2. 1. 1 個案公司簡介 5
2. 1. 2 檸檬果膠製程 2
2. 2 果膠概述 3
2. 2. 1 果膠的來源、分類 3
2. 2. 2 果膠提取工藝簡介 4
2. 2. 3 果膠功能及應用 8
2. 3 六標準差概論 11
2. 3. 1 6-Sigma之緣起 11
2. 3. 2 6-Sigma之發展 11
2. 3. 3 6-Sigma之定義 12
2. 3. 4 6-Sigma推行流程 15
2. 3. 5 6-Sigma各階段使用方法與工具 20
2. 4 田口式實驗計畫法(Taguchi Method) 21
2. 4. 1 田口式實驗計畫法概述 21
2. 4. 2 相關田口研究 25
第三章、 研究方法 27
3. 1 定義(Define, D) 27
3. 1. 1 高級流程圖(SIPOC圖) 27
3. 2 衡量(Measure, M) 28
3. 2. 1 量測系統分析(measurement system analysis, MSA) 28
3. 2. 2 製程能力分析(process capability analysis, PCA) 29
3. 3 分析(Analyze, A) 31
3. 3. 1 確認影響品質特性的關鍵因素-特性要因圖 31
3. 3. 2 要因探討 31
3. 4. 1 田口式實驗設計法(Taguchi Mathod) 32
3. 4. 2 改善後製程能力分析 38
3. 5 控制(Control, C) 38
3. 5. 1 統計製程管制(statistical process control, SPC) 38
第四章、 實例探討 39
4. 1 檸檬果膠製程定義階段(D) 39
4. 2 檸檬果膠製程衡量階段(M) 39
4. 2. 1 檸檬果膠製程MSA 40
4. 2. 2 檸檬果膠製程PCA 42
4. 3 檸檬果膠製程分析階段( A) 44
4. 3. 1 確認影響檸檬果膠製程品質特性之關鍵因素 44
4. 3. 2 要因探討 45
4. 4 檸檬果膠製程改善階段(I) 46
4. 4. 1 田口式實驗設計法(Taguchi Mathod) 46
4. 4. 2 改善後檸檬果膠製程PCA 57
4. 5 檸檬果膠製程控制階段(C) 59
4. 5. 1 檸檬果膠製程SPC 59
第五章、 結論與未來研究方向 60
5. 1 結論 60
5. 2 未來研究方向 61
參考文獻 62
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