臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣農業以稻米產量為大宗，而稻殼因不可食用且材質疏鬆，體積龐大佔空間，多作為廢棄物丟棄，年產量60萬公噸之多。如何將稻殼這種廢棄物降低因不當處理對環境所造成的衝擊，使之成為可再利用的資源，成為本實驗主要探討之方向。
本研究分為三大部分，第一部分：稻殼以不同濃度氫氧化鈉與丙基三甲氧基矽烷(3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane)兩種方式改質後與環氧樹脂(Epoxy)製備成複合材料，並找出最佳之改質條件。第二部份：稻殼與聚氨酯-環氧樹脂(PU-Epoxy resin)所形成之互穿形網狀高分子(Interpenetrating Polymer Network ,IPN)製備成複合材料。第三部份：稻殼與雙馬來醯亞胺(Bismaleimidodiphenylmethane ,BMI)環氧樹脂所形成之IPN複合材料。分別經抗張測試、動態機械性質分析(Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ,DMA)、熱重分析儀(Thermogravimetric Analyzer ,TGA)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscopy ,SEM)測試，對於材料各方面之性質；機械性質、熱性質、吸濕性、形態學等加以探討，並比較其間之差異性。

Rice husks(RH) is one of the biomass materials, which is a by-product from the rice industry. There are about 600 thousand tones of rice husks production per year in Taiwan. But rice husks have many kinds of properties, such as : low price、low density、biodegradability、high specific strength and stiffness. So in this study, we would try to prepare friendly composites for environment, to reduce the environment pollution and destruction.
First, the agricultural waste rice-husk would be blended with epoxy resin and to form polymer composites. The rice-husk / epoxy composites with different modifications methods of the interface between the rice-husk and the epoxy would be investigated in part A. Second, we found the best modification way of interface between the rice-husk and the epoxy, then rice-husk would be blended with PU-Epoxy IPN resins to form polymer composites in part B. Third, rice-husk would be blended with BMI-PU/Epoxy IPN resins to form polymer composites in part C.
In this study, we discuss not only the mechanical property, thermal property, water absorbability and morphology but also the differences for all polymer composites.

中文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
英文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
致謝----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅸ
表目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅩⅩⅢ
第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
第二章 文獻回顧------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
2-1 環氧樹脂---------------------------------------------------------------------------3
2-1.1 環氧樹脂發展與應用------------------------------------------------------3
2-1.2 雙酚A型環氧樹脂----------------------------------------------------------5
2-1.3 環氧樹脂之硬化劑與硬化機制------------------------------------------6
2-1.4 偶合劑對環氧樹脂之影響------------------------------------------------9
2-2聚氨酯--------------------------------------------------------------------11
2-2.1聚氨酯發展與應用------------------------------------------------11
2-2.2聚氨酯結構特性---------------------------------------------------12
2-2.3 多元醇-----------------------------------------------------------------------13
2-2.4 異氫酸鹽--------------------------------------------------------------------14
2-2.5異氫酸鹽的化學反應------------------------------------------------------15
2-2.6 鏈延伸劑--------------------------------------------------------------------17
2-3 互穿型高分子網狀結構體(Interpenetrating Polymer
Networks , IPN)-----------------------------------------------------------------18
2-3.1 互穿型高分子網狀結構體介紹-----------------------------------------18
2-3.2 互穿型高分子網狀結構體種類-----------------------------------------18
2-3.3 互穿型高分子網狀結構體之形態學與玻璃轉移行為--------------19
2-4 高分子摻合之機械行為------------------------------------------------------22
2-5 聚氨酯接枝環氧樹脂互穿型高分子網狀結構體物性之探討---------24
2-6 聚氨酯交聯環氧樹脂-雙馬來醯亞胺互穿型高分子網狀結構體
物性之探討---------------------------------------------------------------------24
2-7 物理與化學改質對稻殼界面性質之影響---------------------------------25
第三章 實驗-----------------------------------------------------------------------------27
3-1 實驗流程圖---------------------------------------------------------------------27
3-2測量儀器與設備-----------------------------------------------------------------30
3-3試藥--------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
3-4 稻殼之前處理------------------------------------------------------------------33
3-5 稻殼之物理改質---------------------------------------------------------------33
3-6 稻殼之化學改質---------------------------------------------------------------33
3-7 聚氨酯接枝環氧樹脂互穿型高分子網狀結構體之製備---------------34
3-8 聚氨酯交聯環氧樹脂之製備------------------------------------------------35
3-9 稻殼/環氧樹脂複合材料之製備--------------------------------------------36
3-10 稻殼/聚氨酯接枝環氧樹脂互穿型高分子網狀結構體
(PU/Epoxy graft IPNs)複合材料之製備----------------------------------37
3-11 稻殼/雙馬來醯亞胺-環氧樹脂互穿型高分子網狀結構體
複合材料之製備-------------------------------------------------------------37
3-12測試方法------------------------------------------------------------------------38
3-12.1 抗張強度測試-------------------------------------------------------------38
3-12.2 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀----------------------------------------------38
3-12.3 熱重分析儀----------------------------------------------------------------39
3-12.4 動態機械性質分析-------------------------------------------------------39
3-12.5 掃描式電子顯微鏡-------------------------------------------------------40
3-12.6 吸濕性測試----------------------------------------------------------------40
第四章 結果與討論--------------------------------------------------------------------41
4-1 FT-IR(ATR)之測試-------------------------------------------------------------41
4-1.1聚氨酯交聯環氧樹脂之製備---------------------------------------------41
4-1.2聚氨酯/環氧樹脂接枝型互穿高分子網狀結構物之製備-----------41
4-1.3稻殼之界面改質------------------------------------------------------------42
4-2稻殼之界面改質對稻殼/環氧樹脂複合材料性質之影響----------------42
4-2.1機械性質分析---------------------------------------------------------------43
4-2.2動態機械性質分析---------------------------------------------------------46
4-2.3熱性質分析------------------------------------------------------------------47
4-2.4吸濕性性質分析------------------------------------------------------------49
4-2.5形態學分析------------------------------------------------------------------51
4-3稻殼/PU-Epoxy graft IPNs複合材料性質之分析-------------------------53
4-3.1機械性質分析---------------------------------------------------------------53
4-3.2動態機械性質分析---------------------------------------------------------56
4-3.3熱性質分析------------------------------------------------------------------60
4-3.4吸濕性性質分析------------------------------------------------------------62
4-3.5形態學分析------------------------------------------------------------------63
4-4稻殼/BMI-PU Epoxy IPNs複合材料性質之分析-------------------------65
4-4.1機械性質分析---------------------------------------------------------------65
4-4.2熱性質分析------------------------------------------------------------------67
4-4.3動態機械性質分析---------------------------------------------------------70
4-4.4形態學分析------------------------------------------------------------------73
第五章 結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------------75
參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------------------78

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