臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生物產氫已逐漸發展成重要的生質能源技術之ㄧ，在生物產氫反應器評估產氫效率及規模放大中，流體的流動形態及氣-液-固三相滯留量之關係是很重要的參數，生物產氫反應器中隨著生質氣體(biogas)的產率增加，流體流動將由分散氣泡(dispersed bubble)轉變為結合氣泡(coalesced bubble)，最後形成塊狀氣泡(slugging bubble)，反應槽內三相滯留量也隨之改變。
本研究主體為連續攪拌式厭氧生物產氫反應器(continuously stirred anaerobic bioreactor, CSABR)，實驗第一部份以壓力感測器測量反應器內床壓擾動分佈，並以壓力擾動頻譜圖，分析生物產氫反應器內流體流動形態。研究發現隨著水力停留時間(hydraulic retention time, HRT)調降的過程中，產氣速率(biogas production rate, BPR)與生質濃度(biomass concentration, CB)隨之增加，頻譜圖主頻(dominant frequency)與副頻(side frequency)的強度明顯增加，同時往低頻的方向移動。流態由分散氣泡轉變至結合氣泡時，副頻的強度會增加到與主頻差不多；當流態轉變至塊狀氣泡時，副頻會消失且頻譜圖呈現單一低頻的主頻波峰。
實驗第二部份為氣-液-固體在生物產氫反應器內滯留量(holdup)之研究，研究發現隨著產氣速率的提升，氣體滯留量(εg)及固體滯留量(εs)有明顯的增加，同時液體滯留量(εl)逐漸減少，且在不同工作體積或是不同外觀比的生物產氫反應器中，相同的操作條件下，氣-液-固三相滯留量大約維持固定的比例。
最後，本研究建立了生物產氫反應器流動形態(分散氣泡區、結合氣泡區及塊狀氣泡區)之轉移關係式，及生物產氫反應器內氣-液兩相滯留量關係式。由於生物產氫反應器的氣體為生物代謝基質所產生的，氣體流態與傳統三相流體化床差距甚大，藉由本研究之關係式，生物產氫反應器的氣體滯留量可達86%以上之統計信心水準。

Biohydrogen production has gradually become one of an important technology on bioenergy. The flow regimes and gas-liquid-solid holdups are important properties for scale up or evaluation of the performance in a biohydrogen production reactor. As the biogas production rate rose, the flow regime in the biohydrogen production reactor were varied from the dispersed bubble regime to the coalesced bubble regime, and finally to the slugging bubble regime. Phase holdups also changed with the biogas production rate.
The experiments were carried out in the continuously stirred anaerobic bioreactor (CSABR). First, pressure sensors were used to obtain the bed pressure fluctuation data in CSABRs, and then the flow regimes can be explained correctly using the power spectrum diagrams with the bed pressure fluctuation analysis. It was found that the biogas production rate (BPR) and biomass concentration (CB) increased when decreasing in hydraulic retention time (HRT), and the power of dominant frequency and side frequency signals increased and moved to lower frequency. In addition, the power of side frequency approach to the dominant frequency when the bubble behavior changed from dispersed bubble to coalesced bubble regime. When the regime shifts to slugging bubble regime, the power spectrum diagrams showed a unique dominant frequency, and the side frequency disappeared.
At the second, the gas-liquid-solid holdups were also investigated in CSABRs. The gas holdup (εg) and solid holdup (εs) increased when biogas production rate increased, but the liquid holdup (εl) decreased. Additionally, no matter the differential aspect ratio bioreactor that the gas-liquid-solid holdups were changed slightly when the operating conditions were constant.
Finally, correlations of flow regimes transition were established in biohydrogen production bioreactor.
On the other hand, the gas and liquid holdups in biohydrogen production reactor was empirically obtained and correlated with Ug and Ul. It was found that the values of phase holdups predicted by these correlations agreed with the experimental results very well.

摘 要 I
Abstract III
目 錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XI
符號表 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究目的 3
1.3研究大綱 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1生質物產氫 6
2.2暗醱酵生物法產氫 9
2.2.1 暗醱酵生物產氫之機制 13
2.2.2 暗醱酵產氫微生物 15
2.2.3 暗發酵產氫代謝路徑 18
2.2.4 暗醱酵產氫之環境因子 21
2.2.5 顆粒污泥對產氫之影響 24
2.3 流體化床之壓力擾動 25
2.3.1 壓力擾動形成之原因 25
2.3.2 不同變數對壓力擾動之影響 26
2.3.3 壓力擾動分析方法 27
2.3.4 三相反應器的壓力擾動及三相滯留量 29
2.4 不同類型反應器產氫比較 31
第三章 實驗儀器與方法 33
3.1實驗與分析藥品 33
3.1.1實驗藥品 33
3.1.2分析藥品 33
3.2 實驗裝置與儀器 34
3.2.1 實驗裝置 34
3.2.2 實驗儀器 39
3.3實驗步驟 40
3.3.1 產氫菌的來源與篩選 40
3.3.2 培養基組成 40
3.3.3 壓力擾動訊號量測 41
3.3.4 壓力擾動之頻譜分析 42
3.3.5 氣-液-固三相滯留體積 43
3.4分析方法 44
3.4.1 氣體組成分析 44
3.4.2 液體組成分析 44
3.4.3 菌量分析 45
3.4.4 粒徑分析 45
3.4.5 總糖分析 46
3.4.6 基質利用率與氫氣產率 47
3.4.7 電子顯微鏡菌相觀察 48
3.4.8 菌群組成分析 49
第四章 結果與討論 52
4.1壓力擾動頻譜分析 52
4.2局部壓力擾動頻譜分析 54
4.3連續暗醱酵產氫與頻譜分析 57
4.3.1 反應器A連續暗醱酵產氫與頻譜分析 57
4.3.2 反應器B連續暗醱酵產氫與頻譜分析 65
4.3.3 反應器C連續暗醱酵產氫與頻譜分析 74
4.4動態頻譜分析 83
4.4.1 反應器A之動態頻譜分析 83
4.4.2 反應器B之動態頻譜分析 88
4.4.3 反應器C之動態頻譜分析 91
4.5固定HRT下各反應器之頻譜圖變化 95
4.6生物產氫反應器之流動形態轉移 97
4.7生物產氫反應器菌群組成 99
4.8壓力降與生質量之關係 102
4.9生物產氫反應器之三相滯留量 104
第五章 結論與未來展望 114
5.1結論 114
5.2未來展望 117
參考文獻 118
誌 謝 127
個人簡歷 128

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