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本文利用環氧樹脂及酚醛樹脂分別做為基材，不同尺寸的膨脹石墨（EG）作為補強材（填充材），來製作膨脹石墨複合材料，並以三種不同石墨尺寸，1～5 %重量百分濃度（wt. %）與基材組合而成膨脹石墨複合材料，再將酚醛樹脂基的膨脹石墨複合材料，進行1000 °C的碳化，製作出石墨/碳複合材料。第一種填充材為EG，係由天然石墨鱗片（NG）經由酸洗之化學插層法後，再進行高溫膨化而得，並以RTM法將環氧樹脂導入，固化後所得之複合材料，其中EG保持原始型態；第二種填充材為利用超音波分散技術，將EG分離成較小尺寸的 SEG，其尺寸，延C軸向，約低於EG 100倍左右，同樣的以RTM法製作複合材料，得SEG複合材料；第三種材料是利用RTM後，未固化前之EG/基材混合物，利用三滾輪分離機，將EG剝離成數十奈米等級的大小，此等級的石墨片狀材料，稱之奈米石墨薄片（GNS），再經固化而得GNS複合材料。
將所製成的各種石墨複合材料進行壓縮、衝擊、三點彎曲、熱膨脹係數、電阻係數及吸水率等測試，探討分析對材料本身的影響，也用OM及SEM來觀察研究並分析上述各種不同的奈米石墨複材之特性，研究結果發現，以GNS複合材料的奈米石墨薄片分散效果最好，所以測試出來的機械性能最佳。EG屬高比表面積的材料，在石墨複材中加入5 %重量百分濃度的EG已屬困難，若可以再提高EG的含量來製作GNS複合材料，在GNS的含量能大幅增加，相信在3C產業中，應用在複合IC的散熱上，將是淺力無窮的課題。

Three sets of expanded graphite filled polymers, having three different particle sizes, were reinforced with 1–5% by weight. The structural, mechanical and electrical properties of these composites were studied and compared. After dispersion, the particles were reduced to nanometer size through exfoliation, sonication, and high-shear strain rate mixing, which further breaks and delaminates them. In addition, scanning electron microscope characterizations were performed. The expanded graphite filled polymer material could be tailored to be high conducting. Compared with the pure polymer, the polymers filled with 5% wt. expanded graphite significantly reduce the electrical resistivity by orders. Compression, three-point-bending and impact tests were conducted. The influence of dispersion on the material behavior was studied. Some fracture modes associated with the layered microstructures of the graphite nanosheets were observed.

謝誌………………………………………………………………………I
中文摘要………………………………………………………………III
英文摘要……………………………………………………………… V
目錄……………………………………………………………………VI
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………IX
表目錄………………………………………………………………XIII

第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言………………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究動機……………………………………………………………6
1.3 研究目的 …………………………………………………………13

第二章 文獻回顧 ……………………………………………………15
高分子複合材料 ……………………………………………………15
高分子材料之背景……………………………………………………15
複合材料………………………………………………………………17
2.2 石墨 ………………………………………………………………19
2.2.1 石墨性質………………………………………………………19
2.2.2 石墨之用途……………………………………………………22
2.2.3 膨脹石墨 ………………………………………………………24
2.2.4 石墨相關研究 …………………………………………………27
2.3 石墨薄片複合材料………………………………………………29
2.3.1 石墨薄片複合材料的製造方法 ………………………………30
2.3.1.1 石墨薄片複合材料的物理製造方法………………………30
2.3.1.2 石墨薄片複合材料的化學製造方法………………………32
2.3.1.2 石墨薄片複合材料的物理化學製造方法…………………35
2.3.2 石墨薄片複合材料的應用……………………………………36
2.4 碳/碳複合材料……………………………………………………40
2.4.1 碳/碳複合材料的製造方法 …………………………………40
2.4.2 碳/碳複合材料的性能與用途 ………………………………41
2.4.3 碳/碳複合材料的缺點與改進方法 …………………………43
2.4.4 碳/碳複合材料的製造方法 …………………………………44

第三章 實驗 …………………………………………………………46
3.1 實驗流程………………………………………………………46
3.2 實驗材料………………………………………………………47
3.3 實驗設備………………………………………………………48
3.4 實驗步驟………………………………………………………49
3.4.1 膨脹石墨之製造……………………………………………49
3.4.2 石墨/環氧樹脂複合材料之製造 ……………………………50
3.4.2.1 膨脹石墨/環氧樹脂複合材料之製造 ……………………50
3.4.2.2 超音波處理石墨/環氧樹脂複合材料之製造 ……………53
3.4.2.3 石墨奈米薄片/環氧樹脂複合材料之製造 ………………55
3.4.3 石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料之製造 ……………………………57
3.4.3.1 膨脹石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料之製造 ……………………57
3.4.3.2 超音波處理石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料之製造 ……………58
3.4.3.3 石墨奈米薄片/酚醛樹脂複合材料之製造 ………………58
3.4.4 石墨/碳複合材料之製造 ……………………………………59
3.5 複合材料之試驗 ………………………………………………60
3.5.1 密度之測量……………………………………………………60
3.5.2 壓縮測試………………………………………………………60
3.5.3 Izod-Type衝擊測試 …………………………………………62
3.5.4三點彎曲測試…………………………………………………65
3.5.5 熱膨脹係數之分析……………………………………………67
3.5.6 電阻係數之分析………………………………………………70
3.5.7 吸濕率之測定（Water Gain Percentage） ………………72
3.5.8 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡觀察………………………………………73

第四章 結果與討論 …………………………………………………74
4.1 試片外觀分析 …………………………………………………74
4.1.1 石墨/環氧樹脂複合材料外觀分析 …………………………74
4.1.2 石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料外觀分析 …………………………76
4.1.3 石墨/碳複合材料外觀分析 …………………………………80
4.2 試片密度之物性分析 …………………………………………83
4.2.1 石墨/環氧樹脂複合材料密度之物性分析 …………………83
4.2.2 石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料密度之物性分析 …………………85
4.2.3 石墨/碳複合材料密度之物性分析 …………………………87
4.3 壓縮測試 ………………………………………………………89
4.3.1 石墨/環氧樹脂複合材料之壓縮測試 ………………………89
4.3.1.1 壓縮測試之物性分析………………………………………89
4.3.1.2 壓縮測試之顯微觀察………………………………………95
4.3.2 石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料之壓縮測試 ………………………99
4.3.2.1 壓縮測試之物性分析………………………………………99
4.3.2.2 壓縮測試之顯微觀察……………………………………103
4.3.3 石墨/碳複合材料之壓縮測試 ……………………………107
4.3.3.1 壓縮測試之物性分析……………………………………107
4.3.3.2 壓縮測試之顯微觀察……………………………………110
4.4 三點彎曲測試 …………………………………………………113
4.4.1 石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料之三點彎曲測試 ………………113
4.4.1.1 三點彎曲測試之物性分析………………………………113
4.5 衝擊測試 ……………………………………………………117
4.5.1 石墨/環氧樹脂複合材料之衝擊測試 ……………………117
4.5.1.1 衝擊測試之物性分析……………………………………117
4.5.1.2 衝擊測試之顯微觀察……………………………………120
4.5.2 石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料之衝擊測試……………………128
4.5.2.1 衝擊測試之物性分析 …………………………………128
4.5.2.2 衝擊測試之顯微觀察 …………………………………129
4.6 電阻係數之分析………………………………………………133
4.6.1石墨/環氧樹脂複合材料之電阻係數 ……………………133
4.6.2石墨/酚醛樹脂複合材料之電阻係數 ……………………134
4.7熱膨脹係數之分析 ……………………………………………135
4.7.1 昇溫曲線……………………………………………………135
4.7.2 熱膨脹係數（Ⅰ：以室溫25°C為溫度的原點）…………137
4.7.3 熱膨脹係數（Ⅱ：對前一點持溫點之溫度做比較） …143
4.8 吸濕率之分析 ………………………………………………148

第五章 結論………………………………………………………153

未來展望……………………………………………………………………159

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