臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

健保局制定疾病診斷關聯群 (Diagnosis Related Groups, DRG) 的分類資料，做為支付醫院全民健康保險住院費用的依據。若直接依據此份資料寫成程式來輔助分類，會有許多缺點。例如：若資料內容更改或規則有變動，必須要直接修改程式，因此後續的維護不容易。
為了增進可維護性等需求，我們發現這和 IC 設計產業出現硬體描述語言 (Hardware Description Language, HDL) 的情況很相似，因此我們對原本診斷關聯群工具程式的設計流程做改進，提出診斷關聯群描述語言 (DRG Description Language, DRGDL) 的想法。
在這份論文中，我們依據健保局公佈的資料，逐步為其設計診斷關聯群描述語言的各個部份，並且用設計出的描述語言將健保局公佈的診斷關聯群資料寫成描述文件。我們還為診斷關聯群描述語言實作一個編譯器，除了編審描述文件，也驗證我們設計的語言是具有可行性的。

致謝................................................................................................................................i
摘要..............................................................................................................................iii
目錄................................................................................................................................v
圖索引..........................................................................................................................vii
表索引...........................................................................................................................ix
第 1 章 論文簡介........................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機.........................................................................................................1
1.2 相關研究.........................................................................................................1
1.3 論文架構.........................................................................................................2
第 2 章 診斷關聯群 (Diagnosis Related Groups, DRG)..........................................3
2.1 診斷關聯群介紹.............................................................................................3
2.2 診斷關聯群的分類規則.................................................................................4
2.3 例子.................................................................................................................4
2.4 問題.................................................................................................................5
第 3 章 診斷關聯群描述語言 (DRG Description Language, DRGDL)..................7
3.1 診斷關聯群描述語言設計緣由與目標.........................................................7
3.2 診斷關聯群描述語言使用情境.....................................................................7
3.3 診斷關聯群描述語言設計介紹.....................................................................8
3.3.1 語彙......................................................................................................9
3.3.2 表達式..................................................................................................9
3.3.2.1 集合表達式.............................................................................10
3.3.2.2 布林表達式.............................................................................10
3.3.3 敘述式................................................................................................10
3.3.3.1 集合宣告.................................................................................11
3.3.3.2 主診斷類別宣告.....................................................................11
3.3.3.3 診斷關聯群宣告.....................................................................12
3.3.3.4 合併症或併發症宣告.............................................................12
3.3.3.5 權重宣告.................................................................................13
3.3.3.6 函式宣告.................................................................................13
3.3.4 決定方式區塊....................................................................................14
3.3.5 描述文件的結構................................................................................15
第 4 章 診斷關聯群描述語言編譯器實作..............................................................17
4.1 整體架構.......................................................................................................17
4.2 編譯器產生器...............................................................................................18
4.3 語彙分析器...................................................................................................19
vi
4.4 語法分析器...................................................................................................21
4.4.1 文法....................................................................................................21
4.4.2 實作細節............................................................................................21
4.5 語意程序.......................................................................................................23
4.6 中間表示物...................................................................................................24
第 5 章 結論和未來工作..........................................................................................27
5.1 結論...............................................................................................................27
5.2 未來工作.......................................................................................................27
參考文獻......................................................................................................................29
附錄 A 診斷關聯群描述語言語法及範例...............................................................31
A.1 語彙..............................................................................................................31
A.2 表達式..........................................................................................................33
A.2.1 集合表達式.......................................................................................33
A.2.2 布林表達式.......................................................................................34
A.3 敘述式..........................................................................................................35
A.3.1 集合宣告...........................................................................................35
A.3.2 主診斷類別宣告...............................................................................36
A.3.3 診斷關聯群宣告...............................................................................37
A.3.4 合併症或併發症宣告.......................................................................38
A.3.5 權重宣告...........................................................................................38
A.3.6 函式宣告...........................................................................................39
A.3.6.1 內建函式................................................................................39
A.3.6.2 使用者自訂函式....................................................................39
A.4 決定方式區塊..............................................................................................41
A.5 描述文件的結構..........................................................................................42
附錄 B 診斷關聯群描述語言的文法.......................................................................47

[1] 中央健康保險局, “《全民健康保險住院診斷關聯群》”, http://www.nhi.gov.tw/webdata/webdata.asp?menu=1&menu_id=26&webdata_id=937
[2] 中央健康保險局, “疾病分類代碼及範圍”, http://www.nhi.gov.tw/webdata/webdata.asp?menu=1&menu_id=&webdata_ID=1008
[3] DRGs: Overview, http://www.umanitoba.ca/centres/mchp/concept/dict/drg/DRG_overview.html
[4] TC Health Administration Pty. Ltd., “Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) Medical Record Coding and Casemix Management”, October 2001, http://www.casemix.com.au/IntroductionToDRGs.doc
[5] “Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and the Medicare Program: Implications for Medical Technology”, July 1983, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/ota/Ota_4/DATA/1983/8306.PDF
[6] RB Fetter, JL Freeman, “Diagnosis Related Groups: Product Line Management within Hospitals”, The Academy of Management Review, 1986.
[7] WHO, “International Classification of Diseases (ICD)”, http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/
[8] ICD-9-CM Online, http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/
[9] NCHS, “Classification of Diseases , Functioning, and Disability”, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd9.htm
[10] Verilog.com, http://www.verilog.com/
[11] Donald E. Thomas, Philip R. Moorby, Donald B. Thomas, “The Verilog Hardware Description Language, 5/e”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
[12] VHDL International (VI), http://www.vhdl.org/
[13] JavaCC, https://javacc.dev.java.net/
[14] Java, http://java.sun.com
[15] Charles N. Fischer and Richard J. LeBlanc, “Crafting a Compiler With C”, Prentice Hall, 2005.
[16] Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ulman, “Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools ”, Addison Wesley, 1986.
[17] John R. Levine, Tony Mason, Doug Brown, “Lex & Yacc, 2/e”, O''Reilly, 1992.
[18] Bison – GNU Project, http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/
[19] Flex, http://www.gnu.org/software/flex/
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[20] Extensible Markup Language (XML), http://www.w3.org/XML/