臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主旨在研究含有人工磁導體(Artificial Magnetic Conductor, AMC)的超高頻(UHF)圓極化標籤天線，以應用於人體上的無線射頻識別系統。在未來發展IOT的需求下，將會有各式各樣的物件需要標籤作資訊的傳遞，甚至發展至人體應用時，穿戴式天線將是不可或缺的；每當標籤被應用不同材質的物品時，天線之性能也會隨之改變。傳統的RFID標籤設計方式，必須針對物件之材質給予特定之設計，若是遇到有損材料之物件時，標籤之天線增益會明顯地降低。因此，吾人設計含有人工磁導體(Artificial Magnetic Conductor, AMC)的圓極化標籤天線，此設計的天線若應用於人體和金屬表面時，AMC可以有效的抑制人體和金屬對天線造成不良的影響，提升標籤在物件應用上的讀取距離。
本文首先使用具有極化相關性的人工磁導體(Polarization-dependent artificial magnetic conductor, PDAMC)之設計概念，將一個線性極化偶極標籤轉換成為圓型極化標籤。在圓極化讀取器的應用中不但可以減少3 dB的極化損耗，PDAMC基板同時也阻隔人體的干擾，使得標籤天線的讀取距離更遠，預測讀取距離可達16米。吾人之研究成果可以將標籤天線近距離貼合在AMC表面，達到總體厚度最薄之設計。
在AMC的研究領域裡，圓極化天線之研究相較於線性極化天線是比較複雜的。吾人首先提出含有AMC的圓極化標籤天線，將交叉偶極天線與3×3的AMC進行整合，標籤天線的基板同樣地被貼附於AMC表面上，達到厚度薄之設計目標，其總體厚度只有6.4 mm。在AMC的輔助下，標籤天線在人體應用時的讀取距離被明顯的提升，利用4W EIRP的RHCP讀取器來量測此標籤天線在人體上之讀取距離可達15.7公尺。
為了發展穿戴式天線，吾人也探討利用乳膠材料作為天線和AMC的基板，此圓極化天線其計算的讀取距離可以達到17.5公尺，並且具有可彎曲、不吸水的特點。論文還針對含有AMC結構的圓極化標籤進行陣列縮小化的設計，提出一個圓極化的十字開槽型天線整合在2×2的AMC基板上，得到本論文中面積最小的天線結構其尺寸，僅有131×131 mm2。除了探討AMC陣列數量的減少之外，吾人也提出小型化的AMC結構，透過十字開槽的方式達到小型化AMC的設計，含有小型化的3×3 AMC標籤天線，其計算的讀取距離可達10.8公尺。

This thesis aims at designing UHF tag antennas with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for on-body UHF RFID applications. RFID technology has extensive applications in the world markets. In the development of the IOT, there will be various kinds of object using tag antennas to transfer information. Even in case of developing for on-body applications, the wearable device or tags will be indispensable. Whenever the tag is applied on the different objects, the performance of the tag will be changed by the material of object. Designers must seriously consider the object effects on the RFID tags. If the object is a lossy media, the antenna gain will significantly decrease. Therefore, we designed various tag antennas with artificial magnetic conductor. When the tag antenna is pasted on a human body or metal objects, AMC can effectively isolate the bad effects and then read range is increased in the applications.
In the thesis, we used the concept of the PDAMC (Polarization-dependent artificial magnetic conductor) to convert the linearly polarized tag dipole into the circularly polarized (CP) tag. The PDAMC makes the tag reduce the polarization loss of 3 dB for CP reader applications and it also insulate the interference of human body. Thus, the dipole tag has farther read range and its predicted read range can achieve 16 meters. Our research results demonstrate that the tags antenna can be completely pasted on the AMC surface to achieve the design of the thinnest thickness.
The study of circularly polarized antennas is more complex than linear polarized antennas in the field of the AMC research. We proposed a CP cross-dipole tag which was integrated on a square AMC structure. The substrate of the cross-dipole can be pasted on the surface of a 3×3 AMC to achieve the goal of thin thickness. The total thickness is only 6.4 mm. For on-body applications, the read range of the CP tag was significantly increased by the AMC substrate. The read range of 15.7 meters was measured by using a reader of 4W EIRP when the tag was pasted on a human body.
In order to develop a wearable antenna for on-body applications, we also explored the design by using latex substrate which is a flexible material. Since the latex substrate has features of low weight, flexible and non-absorbent, the CP tag was designed directly on the AMC latex substrate. The study finds that the predicted read range achieves 17.5 meters but the size is a little large. Furthermore, the number of the AMC array was further reduced to miniaturize the array size. The CP cross-slot antenna was integrated with a 2×2 AMC structure to achieve the smallest area which is only 131×131×6.4 mm3. In addition to reducing the numbers of AMC array, the proposed miniaturized AMC was designed by using cross-slots cut on the conduct of a unit cell AMC. When the tag is integrated on the miniaturized 3×3 AMC, the read range achieves around 10.8 meters.

摘要.....I
Abstract.....II
致謝.....IV
Table of Contents.....V
List of Tables and Figures.....VI
Chapter 1. Introduction.....1
1.1. Research Motivations.....1
1.2. Literature Review.....3
1.3. Chapter Outlines.....5
Chapter 2. Design of Dipole Antenna on AMC Substrate.....7
2.1. Introduction of AMC.....7
2.2. Design of Polarization-Dependent Artificial Magnetic Conductor (PDAMC).....10
2.3. Characteristics of PDAMC and Dipole Antenna.....13
2.4. CP Dipole Antenna on PDAMC Substrate.....15
2.5. RFID Tag Dipole Antenna Designed on PDAMC Substrate.....16
2.6. Summary.....18
Chapter 3. Design of CP Cross-Dipole Antenna on AMC Substrate.....37
3.1. CP Cross-Dipole Antenna in the Free Space and on the AMC.....37
3.1.1. Design of a CP Cross-Dipole Antenna.....37
3.1.2. Design of a Square Type AMC.....39
3.1.3. Place the Cross-Dipole Antenna over Finite Cells of AMC.....39
3.2. CP Tag Antenna on the AMC Substrate by a T-Matching Transformer.....40
3.2.1. Impedance matching for the Cross-Dipole Tag Antenna.....40
3.2.2. Design of Cross-Dipole Tag on the AMC Substrate.....41
3.3. Tag with a 3×3 AMC Substrate on Human Model.....43
3.4. Summary.....46
Chapter 4. Miniaturization for Wearable RFID Tag Antenna.....71
4.1. Using Latex Material as the AMC Substrate.....71
4.2. Design of Cross-Slot Antenna with a 2×2 AMC Structure.....72
4.3. Miniaturization of AMC Structure.....74
4.4. Summary.....75
Chapter 5. Conclusion and Future Works.....92
Reference.....94

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