臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討當遊客於遊玩過程中，遭逢遊憩壓力時，是否會採行調適行為，研究目的主要包含：1.探討遊客於遊憩參與過程中所體驗的壓力知覺。2.探討遊客知覺遊憩壓力時，所採取的調適行為。3.探討遊客的遊憩壓力與調適行為間之關係。研究對象以左岸公園遊客為研究樣本，本研究採便利性抽樣方法，共獲得效問卷458份。
研究結果顯示，受訪者對於目睹其他遊客對現場做出不當行為或因干擾所引起的衝突知覺認知最強；受訪者大都於遊憩壓力因應方式上採認知調整，將自認為不協調的地方運用合理化機制來減輕內在的衝突感對遊憩調適行為傾向認同有此行為。且證實當遊客遇「人潮擁擠」壓力，較會採「認知調整」的調適行為；遇「不當行為」壓力時，較會採「空間移置」與「直接行動」及「絕對替代」的調適行為；遇「人車爭道」壓力，較會採「絕對替代」的調適行為；遇「設施不當」壓力，較會採「絕對替代」與「空間移置」而較不採「認知調整」的調適行為；遇「交通擁擠」壓力，較不會採「直接行動」的調適行為。
根據研究結果建議政府機關或民間組織…等，從事經營管理相關的單位重視遊客在面臨遊憩壓力時，所採取的調適行為；因這些機制可能導至遊客永久性離去，或者是透過自身的認知調整來維持滿意的感受，遊憩品質敏感度低的遊客將取而代之，轉而誤導經營管理者對遊憩品質的認知。本研究中証實除了人潮擁擠及交通擁擠外，遊客遭遇不當行為、設施不當、人車爭道之遊憩壓力，均會採取絕對替代的調適行為，此機制乃是經營管理者最不願見到的。而從遊客於遊憩參與過程中所體驗的壓力知覺中，得知受訪者對於目睹其他遊客對現場做出不當行為或因人車干擾所引起衝突知覺認知最強。故建議左岸公園經營管理者，先從這兩方面改善著手：（一）人車爭道的改善、（二）遊客不當行為的改善。

This research is mainly to study the appraisal and coping response to hassles in outdoor recreation settings. The purposes of this research include: 1. to survey the hassles experienced by visitors during their recreation participation; 2. to survey visitors’ coping strategies while they perceive hassles; 3. to explore the relationships between hassles and coping strategies. In empirical study, visitors in Zou-An Park are sampled with convenient sampling method, and 458 available questionnaires are collected.

The research results indicate that visitors report the highest scores on the perceptions of the depreciative behavior and conflict from others, and visitors adopt the cognitive coping strategy mostly to cope with the hassles. Through cognitive adjustment, visitors can reduce the conflict within their inner sense. The study results also indicate that visitors usually adopt “cognitive adjustment” when perceiving “crowding”, adopt “spatial displacement” and “direct actions” and “absolute substitution” to cope with “depreciative behavior”, adopt “absolute substitution” to cope with “walker-biker conflict”, adopt “absolute substitution” and “spatial displacementto cope with “inappropriate facility”. In addition, “cognitive adjustment” ” and“direct action” have negtive relationship with “inappropriate facility” and ”traffic congestion” respectively.

Based on the research results, it is suggested that park managers should emphasis on visitors’ coping behavior, because visitors may leave when they perceive serious hassles in the park. In addition, visitors may adjust their cognition to maintain their satisfaction, and park managers may have misunderstandings on the recreation quality of the park. In this study, visitors adopt “absolute substitution” mostly to cope with various hassles except “crowding” and”traffic congestion”. In addition, the worst two hassles are visitors’ depreciative behavior and the conflict between walkers and bikers; therefore it is suggested that park managers should emphasis on the improvement of these two hassles.

第壹章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與動機 …………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的 …………………………………………………… 4
第三節 研究限制 …………………………………………………… 5
第四節 名詞釋義與界定 …………………………………………… 6
第五節 研究流程 …………………………………………………… 8
第貳章 文獻回顧
第一節 壓力 ………………………………………………………… 10
第二節 遊憩壓力知覺研究 ………………………………………… 21
第三節 調適行為理論 ……………………………………………… 27
第四節 遊憩調適行為 …………………………………………..… 32
第參章 研究方法
第一節 研究架構 …………………………………………………… 43
第二節 研究問題與假設 …………………………………………… 44
第三節 研究範圍與抽樣設計 ……………………………………… 45
第四節 研究工具與分析方法 ……………………………………… 51
第肆章 實證分析結果與討論
第一節 描述性分析結果 …………………………………………… 63
第二節 因素分析結果 ……………………………………………… 72
第三節 影響調適行為之複迴歸分析 ……………………………… 81
第伍章 結論與建議
第一節 研究結論 …………………………………………………… 90
第二節 研究建議 …………………………………………………… 94
中文參考文獻 …………………………………………………………… 97
英文參考文獻 …………………………………………………………… 99
附錄一：中華民國國人旅遊狀況調查報告 …………………………… 104
附錄二：問卷 …………………………………………………………… 106







表 次
頁次
表 2-1-1 三種壓力取向觀點比較表 ……………………………… 12
表 2-3-1 調適行為理論 …………………………………………… 31
表 2-4-1 國內外調適行為相關文獻整理 ………………………… 41
表 3-4-1 個人屬性分析 …………………………………………… 51
表 3-4-2 遊憩壓力分析 …………………………………………… 54
表 3-4-3 調適行為分析 …………………………………………… 58
表 3-4-4 遊憩壓力調查表 ………………………………………… 60
表 3-4-5 遊憩調適行為 …………………………………………… 61
表 4-1-1 八里左岸公園遊客社經背景描述性統計 ……………… 67
表 4-1-2 遊憩壓力描述分析 …………………………………… 69
表 4-1-3 遊憩調適行為 …………………………………………… 71
表 4-2-1 八里左岸遊客遊憩壓力之因素結構表 ………………… 73
表 4-2-2 八里左岸遊客調適行為之因素結構表 ………………… 77
表 4-3-1 認知調整之複迴歸分析 ………………………………… 83
表 4-3-2 時間移置之複迴歸分析 ………………………………… 84
表 4-3-3 空間移置之複迴歸分析 ………………………………… 85
表 4-3-4 直接行動之複迴歸分析 ………………………………… 86
表 4-3-5 絕對替代之複迴歸分析 ………………………………… 87
表 4-3-6 左岸公園遊客遊憩壓力與調適行為之模型 …………… 89


圖 次
頁次
圖 1-5-1 研究流程圖 ……………………………………………… 09
圖 2-1-1 壓力的刺激模式圖 ……………………………………… 14
圖 2-1-2 壓力的反應模式圖 ……………………………………… 15
圖 2-1-3 刺激-反應模式圖 ……………………………………… 16
圖 2-1-4 壓力評價和回應的模型圖 ……………………………… 17
圖 2-3-1 替代行為圖 ……………………………………………… 30
圖 3-1-1 遊憩調適行為研究架構圖 ……………………………… 43
圖 3-3-1 八里左岸近三年旅客人數圖 …………………………… 46
圖 3-3-2 抽測基地圖 ……………………………………………… 49
圖 3-3-3 研究基地現場實景 ……………………………………… 49
圖 5-2-1 左岸公園的步道區隔圖 ………………………………… 95
圖 5-2-2 建議參考改善示意圖 …………………………………… 95

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