臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
本研究旨在利用熱塑性高分子Poly(ethylene oxide)改質Novolac type酚醛樹脂，作為碳碳複合材料中碳基材的前軀體(precursor)，並將此一前軀體以不同的熱處理溫度(heat treatment temperature, HTT)進行碳化(carbonization)與石墨化(graphitization)。
實驗成果顯示，在經過1600到2400℃的熱處理之後，密度會隨著熱處理溫度的提升，在2000℃之前，呈現先遞減的趨勢；在2000℃之後，則是呈現增加的趨勢。在孔隙度的變化方面，則是呈現與密度變化相反的趨勢，但是，變化趨勢的轉折點都是2000℃
三點抗折強度的變化與密度的變化趨勢相似，當材料經過2000℃處理過後，有最佳的三點抗折強度表現；在層間剪切強度上，則是在2200℃石墨化過後有最佳的強度表現。
在微結構的變化上，從Ｘ光繞射圖譜可以看出，隨著熱處理溫度的增加，(002)面的繞射峰從不對稱的平緩寬帶的形狀逐漸轉變成狹窄而尖銳，顯示碳原子的排列逐漸趨向結晶的結構。
從堆疊碳層間距d002與堆疊尺寸Lc的變化可以看出，隨熱處理溫度的加，d002會逐漸減少並接近理想石墨的d002值3.354A，而Lc值則是隨著熱處理溫度的提升而增加，顯示材料的石墨化程度隨熱處理溫度而增加。
從拉曼光譜可知，碳/碳複合材料經過2000℃處理過後，在1590到1600cm-1會出現處於正常石墨結構的振動峰。此外，即使經過2400℃石墨化後，碳/碳複合材料的微結構仍然存在亂層的碳原子排列結構，亦即D mode(1332cm-1)依然清晰可見；此外，堆疊長度La亦隨著熱處理溫度的增加而增長。

Abstract
The objectives of this study are utilizing thermoplastic polymer Poly(ethylene oxide) to modify Novolac type phenolic resin and to prepare carbon-carbon composites.
Various Poly(ethylene oxide) contents were added to the Novolac type phenolic resin to fabricate carbon-carbon composites at different heat treatment temperatures and to investigate the physical properties and the microstructure change from carbonization to graphitization.
The results show that the density increases with heat treatment temperatures before 2000℃and decreases with heat treatment temperatures after 2000℃；the change of porosity opposites to the change of density. But, both of the turning point are 2000℃
The performance of flexural strength of carbon/carbon composites is similar to the changing tendency of density. The performance of flexural strength of carbon/carbon composites is highest；the interlaminar shear strength is highest at 2200℃。
With the increasing of heat treatment temperatures, the X-ray diffraction peak of (002) changes from broadened and symmetricless to sharp and symmericless. It shows the microstructure becomes crystalline structure.
With the increasing of heat treatment temperatures,d002 decreases to approach to the ideal graphite d002, 3.354A。Lc increases with the increasing of heat treatment temperatures。It shows that the degrees of graphitization increases with the increasing of heat treatment temperatures。
The peak of Raman spectra at 1590cm-1 shows there is the graphite structure in the microstructure of carbon/carbon composites by graphitized at 2000℃。
However，D mode peak of Raman spectra indicates there is the turbostratic structure in the microstructure of carbon/carbon composite by graphitized at 2400℃。Besides, La increases with the increasing of heat treatment temperatures。

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
謝誌 V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 XII
表目錄 XXI
第一章 前言 1
第二章 研究目的與內容 5
2-1 研究目的 5
2-2 研究內容 9
第三章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 12
3-1 酚醛樹脂之製備與性質 12
3-1.1 酚醛樹脂的簡介 12
3-1.2 Novolac Type酚醛樹脂的置備與性質 13
3-1.3 與改質酚醛樹脂相關的文獻回顧 17
3-2 Poly(ethylene oxide)製備與性質 26
3-2.1 Poly(ethylene oxide)之簡介 26
3-2.2 Poly(ethylene oxide)與Novolac Type酚醛樹脂之
摻混、相容性與增韌 26
3-2.3 Poly(ethylene oxide)之相關文獻回顧 27
3-3碳碳複合材料的製程與性質 34
3-3.1 碳元素的排列方式與性質 34
3-3.2 傳統顆粒狀碳材料之製程與性質 37
3-3.3 碳纖維之種類、性質與製程 39
3-3.4 碳/碳複合材料的組成、發展與簡介 48
3-4 石墨化之理論基礎 69
3-4.1 石墨化、緻密化與熱處理溫度 69
3-4.2 固態燒結理論與石墨化製程的關係 70
3-4.3 從碳化到石墨化之數學模式探討 71
3-4.4 石墨化研究之相關文獻 79
第四章 研究方法 86
4-1 實驗材料與藥品 86
4-2 實驗設備與儀器 88
4-3 實驗流程 90
4-3.1 實驗步驟 90
4-3.2 實驗流程圖 96
第五章 實驗結果與討論之第一部份 99
5-1 物理性質之探討 100
5-1.1 密度與熱塑性高分子物質Poly(ethylene oxide)摻混量之關係 100
5-1.2 孔隙度與熱塑性高分子物質Poly(ethylene oxide)摻混量之關係 102
5-1.3 三點抗折強度與熱塑性高分子物質Poly(ethylene oxide)摻混量之關係 102
5-1.4 層間剪切強度與熱塑性高分子物質Poly(ethylene oxide)摻混量之關係 105
5-1.5 碳/碳複合材料之磨耗特性 106
5-1.6 Poly(ethylene oxide)改質Novolac type酚醛樹脂碳/碳複合材料之熱性質
與機械性質之關係討論 116
5-2 材料微觀結構之探討 120
5-2.1 Ｘ光繞射光譜之鑑定結果 120
5-2.2 Raman光譜之鑑定結果 130
5-3 純酚醛樹脂及其摻混物碳化後殘碳與碳/碳複合材料之結構鑑定討論 135
第五章 實驗結果與討論之第二部份 145
5-4物理性質之探討 146
5-4.1密度與熱塑性高分子物質Poly(ethylene oxide)摻混量之關係 146
5-4.2孔隙度與熱塑性高分子物質Poly(ethylene oxide)摻混量之關係 148
5-4.3三點抗折強度與熱塑性高分子物質Poly(ethylene oxide)摻混量之關係 148
5-4.4層間剪切強度與熱塑性高分子物質Poly(ethylene oxide)摻混量之關係 152
5-4.5熱處理溫度對於Poly(ethylene oxide)改質Novolac type酚醛樹脂碳/碳複
合材料之物理性質影響 152
5-5熱處理溫度對於碳/碳複合材料之材料微觀結構探討 155
5-5.1 Ｘ光繞射光譜與ＸＲＤ參數分析以及熱處理溫度對於碳/碳複合材
料結構的影響 155
5-5.2 X光繞射光譜與參數分析結論 183
5-5.3 Raman光譜與參數分析以及熱處理溫度對於碳/碳複合材料結構的影響 186
5-5.4 Raman光譜與參數分析結論 214
第五章 實驗結果與討論之第三部份 215
5-6 碳/碳複合材料之磨耗破壞型態 215
5-7 熱處理溫度與碳碳複合材料之破壞型態影響 220
5-7.1 純Novolac type酚醛樹脂製作之碳/碳複合材料 221
5-7.2 含5phr Poly(ehtylene oxide)改質之Novolac type酚醛樹脂製作之碳/碳複合材料 227
5-7.3 含10phr Poly(ehtylene oxide)改質之Novolac type酚醛樹脂製作之碳/碳複合材料 231
5-7.4 含15phr Poly(ehtylene oxide)改質之Novolac type酚醛樹脂製作之碳/碳複合材料 237
5-7.5 熱處理溫度與碳/碳複合材料之破壞型態影響討論 244
第六章 結論 245
參考文獻 252

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