臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

配送商的選擇是任何一家中小企業都可能會遇到的一個多準則決策問題，其中配送商選擇涉及不同的評估準則。本研究採用層級分析法為基礎來發展配送商選擇的考慮因素。在現今競爭激烈的運輸行業環境中，如果運輸業者不瞭解中小企業對於配送商的選擇的因素是很難以滿足客戶的需求。然而中小型企業選擇配送商如果沒有一個良好的選擇制度，將可能會選擇到不好的配送商。
本研究藉由訪談及問卷調查，建構出配送即時性、成本與支付條件、資訊技術、經營狀況和售後服務等五個配送商選擇的構面，並提出配送商選擇的十八個評估準則來評選配送商，而訪談及問卷調查對象為中小企業和配送商的管理者。本研究首先提出配送商選擇程序的決策經驗準則，再者利用層級方析法為基礎來計算配送商選擇評估相關準則之權重。最後，本研究應用層級方析法所計算出的配送商的選擇因素之權重，進行分析與比較以確定中小企業和配送商的管理者對於配送商選擇的因素之權重排名和差異，作為企業建立配送商評選時之參考。

Distributor selection is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem involving criteria with different relative importance. Distributor development considers factors using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based approach. In the volatile and highly competitive transport industry, it is impossible to meet customer needs without understanding distributor selection factors. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) selected for the distribution business may make poor distributor selections without a good selection mechanism.
This study interviewed and surveyed managers of SMEs enterprises and distributors, and identified 18 criteria for distributor selection that were then classified into five groups- timely delivery, cost and payment, information technology, operating conditions and after-sales service. First, a distributor selection process and decision-making (DM) assessment criteria were proposed. Second, criterion used to calculate the AHP weight was identified. Third, SMEs and distributors of selected factors were presented and analyzed to identify ranks and differences. Finally, this study applied the AHP supplier selection software, SMEs and distributors for distributor selection factors and sorted them and compared their differences. The results analytical results here can help managers rapidly select distributors.

ABSTRACT i
摘要 ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES viii
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background and Motivations 1
1.2 Research Objectives 2
1.3 Research Process 3
1.4 Research Scope 4
1.5 Organization of The Study 4
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Supplier Selection 5
2.2 Transport Industry 10
2.3 Analytical Hierarchy Process 13
2.4 Decision Analysis 17
Chapter 3 THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHIC PROCESS 20
3.1 Measurement Approcah 20
3.2 Calculation of Relative Weights 23
3.3 Questionnaire Design of Evaluation Criteria 25
3.4 AHP Questionnaire Design 26
Chapter 4 EMPIRICAL RESULTS OF CASE STUDY 29
4.1 Data Collection 29
4.2 Application of Logical Decisions to AHP Supplier Selection 31
4.3 Data Analysis 35
4.4 Related Validation 45
Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 54
5.1 Conclusions 54
5.2 Suggestions for Future Research 57
REFERENCES 58
APPENDIX 64

1.Aczel, D. A. and Jayavel, S., Complete business statistics, Boston Mass: McGraw-Hill, 676-705 (2002).
2.Albino, V. and Garavelli, A. C. “A neural network application to subcontractor rating in construction firms,” International Journal of Project Management, 16, 1, 9-14 (1998).
3.Alessio, I. and Ashraf, L. “Selection of new production facilities with the group analytic hierarchy process ordering method,” Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 7317-7325 (2011).
4.Castelli, L., Pesenti, R. and Ukovich, W. “Scheduling multimodal transportation systems,” European Journal of Operational Research, 155, 603-615 (2004).
5.Chakraborty, P. S., Majumder, G. and Sarkar, B. “Performance measurement of distribution center combining data envelopment analysis and analytic hierarchy process,” Advances in Production Engineering & Management, 6, 2, 117-128 (2011).
6.Chan, F. T. S. and Kumar, N. “Effective allocation of customers to distribution centres: a multiple ant colony optimization approach. Robotics and computer,” Integrated Manufacturing, 25, 1, 1-12 (2009).
7.Chan, S. T. F. and Chan, K. H. “Development of the supplier selection model- a case study in the advanced technology industry, proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers. part b,” Journal of engineering manufacture, 218, 12, 1807-1824 (2004).
8.Chen, S., Peng, H., Liu, S. and Yang Y. “A multimodal hierarchical-based assignment model for integrated transportation networks,” Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 9, 6, 130-135(2009).
9.Chen, T. C., Ching, T. L. and Huanget, S. F. “A fuzzy approach for supplier evaluation and selection in supply chain management,” Production Economics, 102, 289-301 (2006).
10.Chen, Y., Kilgour, D. M. and Hipel, K. W. “A case-based distance model for screening in multiple criteria decision aid,” OMEGA, 36, 3, 373-383 (2008).
11.Chen, Y., Kilgour, D. M. and Hipel, K. W. “Screening in multiple criteria decision analysis,” Decision Support Systems, 45, 2, 278-290 (2008).
12.Cheng, E. W. and Li, H. “Analytic hierarchy process: a decision-making method for construction management,” Challenges and Opportunities in Management and Technology, 25-26 (2002).
13.Chisholm, M. and O’Sullivan, P., Freight Flows and Spatial Aspects of the British Economy, The University Press, Cambridge (1973).
14.Chou, S. Y. and Chang, Y. H. “A decision support system for supplier selection based on a strategy-aligned fuzzy SMART approach,” Expert Systems with Applications, 34, 2241-2253 (2008).
15.Church, A., Frost, M. and Sullivan, K. “Transport and social exclusion in London,” Transport Policy, 7, 3, 195-205 (2000).
16.David L., Intermodal Freight Transport, U.S.: Elsevier Ltd, 1-14 (2005).
17.Deepak, B. and Jose, M. “An agent based model concept for assessing modal share in inter-regional freight transport markets,” Journal of Transport Geography, 19, 1093-1110 (2011).
18.Dickson, G. W. “An analysis of supplier selection system and decision,” Journal of Purchasing, 2, 1, 5-17 (1966).
19.Dobler, D., Lee, L. and Burt, N., Purchasing and materials management: text and cases, New York: McGraw-Hill (1990).
20.Farzad, T., Osman, M. R., Aidy A., Rosnah, M. Y. and Alireza, E. “AHP approach for supplier evaluation and selection in a steel manufacturing company,” Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 1, 2 (2008).
21.Felix, T. S. C., Chan, H. K., Henry, C. W. L. and Ralph, W. L. I. “An AHP approach in benchmarking logistics performance of the postal industry,” Benchmarking logistics performance, 13, 6, 636-661 (2006).
22.Gangarajum, C. “Quantifying spatial gaps in public transport supply based on social needs,” Journal of Transport Geography, 18, 1, 31-41 (2010).
23.Gentile, G., Papola, N. and Persia, L. “Advanced pricing and rationing policies for large scale multimodal networks,” Transportation Research Part A, 39, 7-9, 612-631 (2005).
24.Ghazinoory, S., Aliahmadi, Namdarzangeneh, S. and Ghodsypour, S. H. “Using AHP and L.P. for choosing the best alternatives based the gap analysis,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, 184, 2, 316-321 (2007).
25.Ghodsypour, S. H. and Brien, C. O. “A decision support system for supplier selection using an integrated analytic hierarchy process and linear programming,” International Journal of Production Economics, 56-57, 199-212 (1998).
26.Goodwin, P. B., Home delivery become a freight delivery system, the last link in the distribution chain from factory to home, Car Dependence, RAC, London (1995).
27.Ham, H., Kim, T. J. and Boyce, D. “Assessment of economic impacts from unexpected events with an interregional commodity flow and multimodal transportation network model,” Transportation Research Part A, 39, 10, 849-860 (2005).
28.Harker, P. T. “The state of the art in the predictive analysis of freight transport systems,” Transport Reviews, 5, 2, 143-164 (1985).
29.Howard, R. A. “Decision analysis: practice and promise,” Management Science, 34, 6, 379-395 (1988).
30.Huang, I. B., Keisler, J. and Linkov, I. “Multi-criteria decision analysis in environmental sciences: Ten years of applications and trends,” Science of The Total Environment, 409, 19, 3578-3594 (2011).
31.Huang, J. P., Poh, K. L. and Ang, B. W. “Decision analysis in energy and environmental modeling,” Energy, 20, 43-55 (1995).
32.Jifang, P. and Jiye, L. “Evaluation of the results of multi-attribute group decision-making with linguistic information,” Omega, 40, 294-301 (2012).
33.Keeney, R. and Raiffa, H., Decisions with multiple objectives: preferences and value tradeoffs, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1993).
34.Li, M. L. “classification based on distribution center environmental factors,” Int. J. Production Economics, 119, 240-246 (2009).
35.Liao, S. H., Chen Y. J. and Lin Y. T. “Mining customer knowledge to implement online shopping and home delivery for hypermarkets,” Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 3982-3991 (2011).
36.Liu, D. and Stewart, T. J. “Integrated object-oriented framework for MCDM and DSS modeling,” Decision Support Systems, 38, 3, 421-434 (2004).
37.Liu, F. H. F. and Hai, H. L. “The voting analytic hierarchy process method for selecting supplier,” International Journal of Production Economics, 97, 3, 308-317 (2005).
38.Liu, S., Chan, F. T. S. and Chung, S. H. “A study of distribution center location based on the rough sets and interactive multi-objective fuzzy decision theory,” Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 27, 426-433 (2011).
39.Ma, L. C. “Screening alternatives graphically by an extended case-based distance approach,” Omega, 40, 96-103 (2012).
40.Macharis, C. and Bontekoning, Y. M. “Opportunities for OR in intermodal freight transport research: a review,” European Journal of Operational Research, 153, 2, 400-416 (2004).
41.Marzieh, M. and Behrooz, K. “Pricing for freight carriers in a competitive environment: A game theory approach contents lists available at growingscience,” International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2, 467-478 (2011).
42.Meyrick and Associates., National Intermodal Terminal Study, Canberra: Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services (2006)
43.Morais, D. C. and Almeida, A. T. D. “Group decision making on water resources based on analysis of individual rankings,” Omega, 40, 42-45 (2012).
44.Nijkamp, P., Reggiani, A. and Tsang, W. F. “Comparative modeling of interregional transport flows: Application to multimodal European freight transport,” European Journal of Operational Research, 155, 584-602 (2004).
45.Poirier, C. C., Using models to improve the supply chain, U.S: Lucie Press, 50-55 (2004).
46.Power, D. J. and Sharda, R. “Model-driven decision support systems: concepts and research directions,” Decision Support Systems, 43, 3, 1044-1061 (2007).
47.Roy, B., Multicriteria Methodology for Decision Aiding, Dordrecht: Kluwer (1996).
48.Saaty, T. L. “How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process,” Interfaces, 24, 6, 19-43 (1994).
49.Saaty, T. L., Decision making for leaders (3rd ed), U.S: RWS Publications, 101-111 (2001).
50.Saaty, T. L., Fundamentals of decision making and priority theory with the analytic hierarchy process, Pittsburg: RWS (1994).
51.Saaty, T.L., Rogers, P. C., and Bell, R. “Portfolio selection through hierarchies,” The Journal of Portfolio Managemen, 16-21 (1980).
52.Saaty, T. L., The analytic hierarchy process, New York: McGraw-Hill (1980).
53.Shim, J. P., Warkentin, M., Courtney, J. F., Power, D. J., Sharda, R. and Carlsson, C. “Past present and future of decision support technology,” Decision Support Systems, 33, 111-126 (2002).
54.Sirikijpanichkul, A., Vandam, K., Ferreira, L. and Lukszo, Z. “Optimizing the location of intermodal freight hubs: An overview of the agent based modelling approach,” Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 7, 4, 71-81 (2007).
55.Sitkin, S. B. and Pablo, A. L. “Reconceptualizing the determinants of risk behavior,” Academy of Management Review, 17, 1(1992).
56.Soukup, W. R. “Supplier Selection Strategies,” Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 23, 2, 77-82 (1987).
57.Sox, H., Blatt, M. and Higgins, M. “Medical decision making,” Journal of Neuro- Ophthalmology, 27, 4, 332-333 (2007).
58.Su, M. C., Using the analytic hierarchy process for supplier selection, M.E. Thesis, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, R. O. C. (2007).
59.Su, M. C., Chen, C. L. and Lin, T. C. “Supplier selection in electronics assembly industry-an analytical hierarchy process application,” International Conference on Business and Information, Tokyo, Japan, 2-7 (2007).
60.Sun, X., Miwa T. And Morikawa, T. “The impact of automated truck lanes on intercity expressways: A study using hybrid simulator,” Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 11, 3, 32-42 (2011).
61.Tam, M. C. Y. and Tummala, V. M. R. “An application of the AHP in vendor selection of a telecommunications system,” Omega, 29, 2, 171-182 (2001).
62.Taniguchi E, Noritake M and Yamada T. “A study on optimizing number of berths in truck terminals,” Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 33, 548, 23-33 (1996).
63.Taniguchi, E., Thompson, R. G. and Yamada T., City Logistics: Network Modelling and Intelligent Transport Systems, Oxford: Pergamon (2001).
64.Weijun, X. and Zhiming, W. “Supplier selection with multiple criteria in volume discount environments,” Omega, 35, 494-504 (2007).
65.Willis, H., Huston, R. and Pohlkamp F. “Evaluation measures of just in time supplier performance,” Production and Inventory Management Journal, 34, 2, 1-5 (1993).
66.Wind, Y. and Saaty, T. L. “Marking application of the analytic hierarchic process,” Management Science, 26, 7, 641-658 (1980).
67.Xu, D. L., McCarthy, G. and Yang, J. B. “Intelligent decision system and its application in business innovative capability assessment,” Decision Support Systems, 42, 664-673 (2006).
68.Xu, H. “Valuation-based systems for decision analysis using belief functions,” Decision Support Systems, 20, 165-184 (1997).
69.Yada, K., Ip, E. and Katoh, N. “Is this brand ephemeral? A multivariate tree-based decision analysis of new product sustainability,” Decision Support Systems, 44, 223-234 (2007).
70.Yahya, S. and Kingsman, B. “Vendor rating for an entrepreneur development programme: A case study using the analytic hierarchy process method,” Journal of Operational Research Society, 50, 916-930 (1999).
71.Yusuff, R. D., PohYee, K. and Hashmi, M. S. J. “A preliminary study on the potential use of the analytical hierarchical process to predict advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) implementation,” Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 17, 421-427 (2001).