臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在本論文中，我們提出一個基於傳統B型多工驅動法且可供系統單晶片運用之液晶顯示器驅動矽智產的設計。在這個液晶顯示器驅動矽智產的架構中，我們將其中的顯示資料記憶體改良為由四組記憶體區塊所組成的陣列，使其在畫面顯示的期間處理器仍然可以對其他的記憶體區塊做存取及運算，增加匯流排使用的彈性。在論文中，我們也提出了一個將液晶顯示器驅動矽智產整合到系統單晶片的方法，使其成為符合高等微控制器匯流排架構(AMBA)通訊協定之高速匯流排(AHB)上的Slave元件，為了使其能夠與系統單晶片架構中的處理器ARM922T溝通，我們針對此液晶顯示器驅動矽智產，設計一個符合AMBA AHB Slave元件通訊協定的Wrapper。最後我們利用Xilinx公司之FPGA設計環境ISE，先就單獨的液晶顯示器驅動矽智產進行功能上的驗證，其後並使用AMBA系統單晶片設計平台EASY，對內嵌液晶顯示器驅動器之單晶片系統架構進行模擬，證明我們所提出的液晶顯示器驅動矽智產是實用的且可使用於相容AMBA介面的系統單晶片設計。

In this thesis, we proposed a Memory Map LCD driver IP design based on the conventional B-type driving method. In the proposed LCD driver IP architecture, the display data RAM is improved as memory array composed of 4 banks which allows the central processor can access the other memory banks even the display is progressing, then the use of bus become more flexible. The methodology to integrate the proposed LCD driver IP in System-On-Chip (SOC) as an AMBA AHB slave component is also described. In order to communicate with the Example AMBA System (EASY) which is based on ARM922T processor, an AMBA AHB slave wrapper is designed for the proposed LCD driver. The stand alone LCD driver IP is simulated and verified in ISE environment. The embedded LCD driver IP is also simulated by running the ARM922T Design Sign-off Model (DSM) in EASY system. The results indicate that the proposed LCD driver IP is capable for SOC applications as in AMBA system.

Table of Contents
誌謝...............................................III
Chapter 1 Introduction................................1
1.1 Background.......................................1
1.2 Motivation.......................................2
1.3 Objective........................................3
1.4 Thesis Organization..............................4
Chapter 2 Review of Liquid Crystal Display...........5
2.1 LCD Working Theory...............................5
2.1.1 The Structure of LCD...........................5
2.1.2 Electro-optic Characteristic of LCD............6
2.1.3 Optimum Bias...................................7
2.2 LCD Driving Methods.............................10
2.2.1 Conventional Driving Methods..................11
2.2.2 N-line Inversion Driving Method...............13
2.2.3 Hi-Fas Driving Method.........................14
2.2.4 MLA Driving Method............................15
2.2.5 Comparison of LCD Driving Methods.............17
Chapter 3 Study of AMBA Based System-On-Chip Design
....................................................18
3.1 The Protocol of Advanced Microcontroller Bus
Architecture
....................................................18
3.2 Review of ARM Processors........................21
3.3 AMBA University Kit.............................23
3.4 The System Memory Map of AUK....................28
Chapter 4 LCD Driver IP Architecture.................29
4.1 Memory Map LCD Driver with 4 Banks DDRAM Architecture
....................................................29
4.2 Scalable the Driving Outputs of Common and Segment
....................................................31
4.3 Programmable to Setup Driving Bias and Frequency
....................................................32
4.4 2 to 1 Analog Multiplexer Array.................33
Chapter 5 Integration Methodology in SOC.............38
5.1 SOC Design Flow.................................38
5.2 AMBA AHB Slave Wrapper of LCD.................................................40
5.3 The modifications of Example AMBA System........41
Chapter 6 Simulation and Verification...............42
6.1 The Simulation of Proposed LCD Driver IP........42
6.2 LCM Verification with Microcontroller 8051
....................................................50
6.3 Run EASY Simulation Result......................57
Chapter 7 Conclusion................................66
References..........................................67

[1] Open Microprocessor systems Initiative, DRAFT STANDARD OMI 324: PI-Bus Rev. 0.3d, 1994.
[2] S. B. Furber, ARM System Architecture, ch. 8, pp. 234—238. Addison Wesley Longman, 1996.
[3] 32-bit Processor Local Bus Architecture Specification, Version 2.9, SA-14-2531-01, IBM Corporation, 2001.
[4] Processor Local Bus arbiter Core User’s Manual, Version 2.0, IBM Corporation, 2000
[5] Sonics Networks Technical Overview, A21-1, Sonics Inc., 2000.
[6] Wishbone System-On-Chip (SOC) Interconnection Architecture for Portable IP Cores Revision B.1, Silicore Corporation, 2001.
[7] VSI Alliance, On Chip Bus Development, June 1995.
http://www.vsi.org/library/specs/summary.htm#ocb
[8] Tien-Lung and Bergmann, Neil (2003) An Interface Methodology for Retargettable FPGA Peripherals. Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering of Reconfigurable Systems and Algorithms, June 23 - 26, 2003, pp. 167-173, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. CSREA Press 2003, ISBN 1-932415-05-X
[9] http://www.arm.com/products/solutions/PrimeXsysPlatforms.html
[10] Yoshiharu Nakajima, Naoshi Goto, Hideo Kataoka, Toshikazu Maekawa Sony corp., Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan,”A 3.8 inch QVGA Reflective Color LCD with Integrated 3b DAC driver,” IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2000.,pp. 188-189
[11] M. Hoshino et al., Liquid Crystal Display Device, European Patent Application EP 0807921 Al, publication date 19-11-1997.
[12] T.l. Welzen et al., Low Drive Voltage Display Device, US Patent 4,783,653, Nov. 8, 1988.
[13] STN-LCDs Enhanced by Multiple Line Addressing (MLA): Present and Future Applications Y. Hirai, M. Kitamura, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
[14] Lewinsohn, Motif, Wilsonville, OR,H. “Active addressing of passive matrix displays”
La Jolla, CA , USA, pp. 191-193 vol.1
[15] http://www.netbored.com/classroom/what_is_tft_lcd.htm
[16] SED1500Series Technical Manual
http://www.compsys1.com/support/docs/sed1560.pdf
[17] Data sheets of ST7565, SITRONIX.
http://www.sitronix.com.tw/Chinese/mobile_phone.htm
[18] Data sheets of NT7532, NOVATEK.
http://www.novatek.com.tw/chinese/product/lcd.asp
[19] Data sheets of PCF8831, PHILIPS
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/acrobat/datasheets/PCF8831_1.pdf
[20] T.S.Scheffer et al.,“Active Addressing Method for High-Contrast Video-Rate STN
Displays,”SID ’92 Digest, pp.228~231, 1992
[21] S.Ihara et al.,“A Color STN-LCD with Improved Contrast Uniformity and Response Times,”SID ’92 Digest, pp.232~235, 1992
[22] Yu-Jung Huang, Chih-Feng Liu, Shao-Pin Chang, Feng-Yuan Chuang, Chang-Chan Chen, “Design of LCD Driver IP for SOC Applications,” The Fourth IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Advanced System Integrated Circuits, Fukuoka, Japan, August 3 — 5, 2004
[23] Yu-Jung Huang ,Shao-Pin Chang, Chih-Feng Liu “ LCD Driver IP Design” 2003 International Conference on Informatics, Cybernetics and Systems, December 14-16, 2003, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC, pp76~81