臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

像素值差異藏密法(PVD)係透過調整像素對間之差值進行秘密訊息之嵌入，其可避免被RS偵測技術及x2攻擊法所偵測，且藏密量亦較最低位元取代藏密法（LSB法）多，同時能維持其影像品質，但是其像素差值直方圖呈現不正常之階梯狀分佈，容易被暴露其藏密之事實。儘管如此，當藏密量不足100%時，此藏密特徵會隨著藏密量之下降而逐漸不明顯，增加偵測的困難度；除此之外，對PVD藏密影像進行藏密量之偵測，也是一大挑戰。
本論文提出一可偵測PVD藏密影像藏密量之特定偵測技術。本偵測技術利用像素差值直方圖在不同藏密量之統計值差異作為特徵值，並利用SVM分類器對不同藏密量之PVD藏密影像特徵進行訓練，產生訓練模型。藉由訓練模型，可對未知藏密量之PVD藏密影像進行藏密量偵測。
實驗結果顯示，本偵測技術在藏密量級距為50%、25%時，對不同藏密量之PVD藏密影像之平均偵測正確率達93%以上；而在藏密量級距20%時，除藏密量40%及60%外，其餘藏密量之PVD藏密影像之偵測效果亦達80%以上。此結果證明，本文所提出之偵測技術可有效偵測PVD藏密影像之藏密量，為一有效且實際之PVD藏密偵測技術，不但可提高國防資訊之防護，且能提供後續發展以PVD藏密法為基礎之藏密技術之參考。

誌謝 iv
摘要 v
ABSTRACT vi
目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
縮寫英中對照表 xii
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的及方法 4
1.4 論文架構 5
2. 文獻探討 6
2.1 像素值差異藏密技術 6
2.1.1 像素區塊差值的量化 6
2.1.2 訊息嵌入 8
2.1.3 訊息萃取 10
2.1.4 PVD藏密法之效能評估 11
2.2 PVD偵測技術發展 12
2.3 支援向量機簡介 14
3. 基於像素差值直方圖之偵測技術 19
3.1 PVD藏密特徵 19
3.2 本偵測技術使用之藏密特徵 22
3.2.1 特徵值F1 23
3.2.2 特徵值F2~F7 24
3.2.3 特徵值F8~F20 29
3.3本偵測技術之偵測流程 38
3.3.1 訓練模型產生階段 39
3.3.2 影像偵測階段 39
4. 實驗結果與討論 40
4.1 實驗環境 40
4.2 實驗步驟 41
4.3 實驗結果 42
5. 結論及未來研究方向 49
5.1 結論 49
5.2 未來研究方向 50
參考文獻 51

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