臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

二十一世紀，一個速度迎面衝擊企業變革的新世紀。網際網路所引爆的時間及空間競賽，迫使企業不得不正視全球競爭、國際分工與跨國營運的全球化趨勢；在彈性、效率與快速反應的市場需求下，隨時掌握組織內外部資訊，立即而持續地調整組織運作的內涵，將成為企業突圍求生的一大關鍵。需求所致，企業資源規劃(Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP)系統的導入儼然成為企業永續發展的基石。
雖然ERP系統導入者眾，但大部分企業尚在學習如何使系統的效能徹底發揮，甚或面臨導入失敗的窘境；究其原因，多與ERP本身的高複雜度、企業規模、企業流程、組織文化、顧問公司及諸多因素有關。有鑑於企業提昇競爭優勢的高度自覺及其對於ERP系統導入的急切需求，本研究致力於ERP系統最佳導入模式的建構，以期降低導入過程中的各種阻礙與風險，使企業真正蒙受其利。本研究藉由問卷彙集ERP領域專家的經驗與觀點，並應用模糊多準則決策評估ERP系統的發展方式與導入策略，且進一步建構出企業導入ERP系統的最佳模式，以供企業未來導入ERP系統之參酌。
此外，因體認現實決策環境中，質化與量化資料並存的現象無可避免，且充斥著模糊性及不確定性；故本研究亦結合模糊邏輯與多準則決策方法，發展出模糊最佳化折衷排序法(Fuzzy VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, Fuzzy VIKOR)與模糊優勢排序結構評估法(Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluation, Fuzzy PROMETHEE)等模糊多準則決策方法，以調和、折衷決策過程中的衝突矛盾，及有效因應傳統多準則決策方法對於處理模糊問題的彈性欠缺，俾利各領域於多準則群體決策分析之廣泛應用。

21 centuries is a new century that enterprises are facing a swift speed of changes. The Internet revolution has triggered the competition of utilizing time and space, that forcing enterprises have no choice but to squarely face such issues of global competition, division of labor among nations and the multinational operation. Thoroughly grasping information both inside and outside the organization and quickly adjusting the intension of organization may become the key point for breaking through siege to survive. In order to fulfill such needs, the implementation of ERP systems can be the cornerstone for enterprise’s sustainable development.
Although many organizations have implementing various ERP systems, greatly parts of enterprises still be learning how to fully develop the capability of ERP systems, or even face embarrassing situation of failing the implementation. To probe these problems, many reasons related to the complexity of ERP systems, enterprise scales, business process, organization cultures and consulting firms. This research concentrates on the construction of the best implementing model of ERP system, reducing various risks and obstacles within the implementing process period, making enterprise take advantages of ERP systems. After collecting the ERP experts experience and standpoints by means of the questionnaire, this research applies the fuzzy multicriteria decision-making(FMCDM) to evaluate ERP systems development methods and implementation strategies, and further constructs the best model for enterprises to implement ERP systems in order to provide enterprises a reference resource for future implementing.
In addition, because of realizing in the real decision environment that qualitative and quantitative data could not coexist and full of fuzziness and uncertainty, this research integrates fuzzy logic and multicriteria decision-making to develop Fuzzy VIKOR methodology and Fuzzy PROMETHEE methodology. Those methodologies can properly mediate the conflicts and contradictions during the decision-making process, effectively act in response to the lack of flexibility while adopting traditional multicriteria decision-making to deal with fuzzy problems and benefits in multicriteria group decision-making analysis for extensive application.

第一章　緒論
1.1　研究背景與動機 1
1.2　研究目的 2
1.3　研究範圍與限制 3
1.4　研究架構與流程 4
1.5　研究時程 7
第二章　文獻探討
2.1　企業資源規劃系統(ERP) 8
2.1.1　ERP之定義 9
2.1.2　ERP之演進 10
2.1.3　ERP之發展方式 13
2.1.4　ERP之導入策略 15
2.1.5　ERP與電子化 17
2.2　模糊集合理論 20
2.2.1　模糊數 20
2.2.2　模糊數之運算 22
2.2.3　主觀判斷之衡量 23
2.3　模糊多準則決策 28
2.3.1　多準則決策之基本概念 28
2.3.2　多準則決策之內涵 30
2.3.3　準則權重之計算 32
2.3.4　模糊多準則決策之應用 35
第三章　研究方法
3.1　模糊最佳化折衷排序法之創建 38
3.1.1　最佳化折衷排序法 38
3.1.2　模糊最佳化折衷排序法 42
3.2　模糊優勢排序結構評估法之創建 48
3.2.1　優勢排序結構評估法 48
3.2.2　模糊優勢排序結構評估法 50
3.3　Spearman等級相關係數之應用 56
3.3.1　新決策法可行性之驗證依據 56
3.3.2　斯皮爾曼等級相關係數 57
第四章　ERP系統發展方式與導入策略之最佳化評估
4.1　ERP系統發展方式之最佳化評估 59
4.1.1　模糊最佳化折衷排序法之應用 60
4.1.2　模糊優勢排序結構評估法之應用 71
4.1.3　決策可行性之驗證 80
4.2　ERP系統導入策略之最佳化評估 83
4.2.1　模糊最佳化折衷排序法之應用 85
4.2.2　模糊優勢排序結構評估法之應用 86
4.2.3　決策可行性之驗證 90
第五章　ERP系統導入模式之建構
5.1　ERP／電子企業矩陣 93
5.2　ERP／電子企業矩陣：ERP系統發展方式 97
5.3　ERP／電子企業矩陣：ERP系統導入策略 101
第六章　結論與建議
6.1　結論 104
6.2　未來研究方向與建議 106
參考文獻
一、中文部份 107
二、英文部份 109
附錄
附錄一　問卷內容 113
附錄二　個人著作 123

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