臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

光學鏡片在光學系統中扮演非常重要的角色，但往往因為鏡片的厚度不均，在成型製造過程中易產生收縮變形，造成尺寸偏差，而使光學品質一落千丈，可謂「失之毫釐，差之千里」，因此針對鏡片的變形進行補償修正是精密成型中非常重要的工作。本論文以折射式望遠鏡的物鏡及目鏡為例，首先探討光學系統，並修正鏡片的設計分析，嘗試得到較佳的光學品質。其次進行鏡片的射出成型分析及模具設計，來開發射出成型模具，探討以射出成型條件對鏡片尺寸的變形影響。首先以普通軸對稱的球面模仁進行射出成型實驗，並利用模流分析配合實際射出成型的結果來觀察射出成型鏡片的非對稱性的變形結果，並且引入非對稱性的收縮補償方法，將塑膠鏡片的變形量補償回模仁上，藉此得到一非軸對稱型的新模仁。最後進行射出成型實驗，並且由表面輪廓儀量測鏡片的曲面尺寸及輪廓，以驗證非軸對稱收縮補償法的補償效果更為貼近設計值。
由研究結果發現，鏡片的變形確實有非軸對稱的現象發生，且利用CAE模擬結果與真實射出成形的結果趨勢相符合，因此應用非軸對稱收縮補償法將分析的結果補償回模仁可以修正鏡片的非軸對稱收縮而使鏡片更接近球面，塑膠射出光學鏡片得以更符合設計值並提高其光學品質。

The optical lens was the most important part in the optical system, but always because the thickness of lens was not uniformly. The lens will easily shrink after molding, and cause the dimensions difference and optical quality become low, it just like “a miss is as good as a mile”, therefore to counter to proceed the compensating emendation lenses deformed was the important point of whole process. In this paper, we used the object and eyepiece lens of refracting telescope for instance, at first we conferred the optical system design analyze, and emended the and try to get better optical quality. At second, we proceed the injection molding analyze and mold design of lens, to develop the mold of injection molding, and confer the dimensions difference of lens by injection molding. At first we used the sphere mold of normal symmetrical axis to proceed the experiment of injection molding, and also used the mold flow analyze to operated with the practical injection molding result to observed anaxisymmertric deformed result of injection molding lens, furthermore we used anaxisymmertric shrink compensating method, and get the deformed quantity to compensating it back to the mold, therefore we got a anaxisymmertric mold. At last proceed injection molding , and used the Form Surf measure the surface curved rate of lens, therefore it proved the effect of anaxisymmertric shrink compensating method was closely to the design.
As the result shows that, anaxisymmertric truly happened when the lens deforming; the trend of injection molding result was conform to the simulate result of CAE, therefore using anaxisymmertric shrink compensating method to compensate it back to the mold can fix the surface of lens and male the lens be more closely to sphere; the lens which made by plastic injection will be more conform to design value and also enhance the optical quality.

中文摘要 --------------------------------------- i
英文摘要 --------------------------------------- ii
誌謝 --------------------------------------- iii
目錄 --------------------------------------- iv
表目錄 --------------------------------------- vi
圖目錄 --------------------------------------- vii
一 導論 ----------------------------------- 1
1.1 前言 ----------------------------------- 1
1.2 研究動機 -------------------------------- 1
1.3 望遠鏡簡介 ------------------------------ 3
1.3.1 折射式望遠鏡 ---------------------------- 3
1.3.2 反射式望遠鏡 ---------------------------- 3
1.3.3 折反射式望遠鏡 -------------------------- 4
1.4 光學像差簡介 ---------------------------- 6
1.5 文獻回顧 ------------------------------- 10
二 光學模擬與分析 -------------------------- 11
2.1 光學模擬簡介 ---------------------------- 11
2.2 光學基礎理論 ---------------------------- 12
2.2.1 折射率 --------------------------------- 12
2.2.2 折射定律 ------------------------------- 12
2.2.3 成像公式 ------------------------------- 13
2.2.4 造鏡者公式 ------------------------------ 14
2.3 望遠鏡規格設定及光學模擬分析 ------------- 16
三 光學鏡片的模具設計與成形分析 ------------- 23
3.1 模流分析簡介 ---------------------------- 23
3.2 模具設計 ------------------------------- 24
3.3 模流分析CAE ---------------------------- 25
四 鏡片的收縮補償與逆向鋪面 ----------------- 34
4.1 非軸對稱性收縮補償法簡介 ----------------- 34
4.2 補償量計算 ----------------------------- 35
4.3 逆向曲面處理 --------------------------- 35
4.4 曲面的加工問題 -------------------------- 36
五、 光學鏡片成形實驗與檢測 ------------------- 41
5.1 實驗流程 ------------------------------- 41
5.2 射出成形實驗 --------------------------- 41
5.2.1 實驗材料及設備 -------------------------- 41
5.2.2 實驗準備及成形參數 ---------------------- 42
5.3 鏡片輪廓檢測 ---------------------------- 42
六、 結果與討論 ----------------------------- 48
6.1 收縮變形的非軸對稱 ----------------------- 48
6.2 模流分析與真實射出成形的趨勢差異 ---------- 54
6.3 補償後模流分析結果與設計值誤差 ------------ 57
七、 結論 ----------------------------------- 61
參考文獻 --------------------------------------- 62

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