臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

長久以來，有關損耗性商品的存貨問題大都以微積分方法去解決，但對於損耗率較低的商品而言，其存貨圖形會趨近於直線，微積分方法會使存貨模式複雜化。近幾年蓬勃發展的免微積分方法(Without Derivatives)，它取代了傳統使用微積分解決存貨問題的過程，取而代之的是簡單代數方法，這對於不熟悉複雜數學運算的學生而言，會更容易閱讀該領域的存貨管理課程。
本研究主要探討如何應用免微積分方法去解決損耗性問題的存貨模式。以簡化損耗性存貨曲線為出發點，結合免微積分方法，去推導EOQ和EPQ的存貨模式，其使用範圍限定在單一零售商或單一製造商情況下，且得知損耗率的下限值，使其可以更適用在本研究存貨模式中，最後，利用Maple 8.0與Excel作為輔助工具，以數值範例加以說明，透過敏感度分析以了解各參數對存貨問題的影響。

In the past, most of deteriorating inventory problems was solved by the calculus method. Recently, non-calculus method (without derivatives) has become very popular. It enables one to study inventory management problem without understanding the complicated calculus. This study discusses how the non-calculus (or without derivatives) method applies to the deteriorating inventory problems. We start by simplifying deteriorating inventory model so the decay curves are approximately a straight line. Then, we derive the EOQ and EPQ model using non-calculus method. We limit the usage of this method to a case of single retailer or single manufacturer, with a low decay rate. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis using Maple 8 and Excel are carried out to show how relevant parameters affect inventory decisions in the model.

目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目 錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景及動機 1
1.2 研究目的與範圍 2
1.3 研究方法與步驟 2
1.4 論文架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1 基本存貨觀念 5
2.2 經濟訂購量模式 5
2.3 考慮損耗性質之存貨模式 8
第三章 WITHOUT DERIVATIVES方法與損耗性存貨模式之探討 11
3.1 WITHOUT DERIVATIVES之方法 11
3.1.1 Grubbström, R.W. and Erdem, A.(1999)的存貨模式 12
3.1.2 Leung, K.N.F.(2007)的存貨模式 13
3.1.3 Minner, S. (2007)的存貨模式 16
3.1.4 Wee, H.M., Wang, W.T. and Chung, C.J(2009)的存貨模式 19
3.1.5 Teng, J.T.(2008)的存貨模式 22
3.1.6 Without derivatives方法之比較與演進 25
3.2 損耗性存貨模式 27
3.2.1 不允許缺貨情況下之損耗性模式 28
3.2.2 完全延遲交貨之損耗性存貨模式 31
3.2.3 完全延遲交貨之損耗性生產存貨模式 32
3.2.4 損耗性存貨模式之延伸 34
3.3 本章結論 37
第四章WITHOUT DERIVATIVES在損耗性存貨模式上的應用 39
4.1 基本假設 39
4.2 符號說明 39
4.3 應用WITHOUT DERIVATIVE推導損耗性存貨模式 40
4.3.1 EOQ Without Backorders 41
4.3.2 EOQ With Backorders 45
4.3.3 EPQ With Backorders 50
4.4 數值分析 56
4.4.1 模式驗證 56
4.4.2 數值範例說明 57
4.5 敏感度分析 59
4.6 本章結論 65
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 66
5.1 結論 66
5.2 研究貢獻 67
5.3 未來研究方向 67
參考文獻 69

圖目錄
圖 1.1 論文架構 4
圖 2.1 固定訂購量系統(黃惠民等，2004) 6
圖 3.1 允許缺貨的EOQ模式(Grubbström and Erdem, 1999) 12
圖 3.2 允許部份缺貨的EOQ模式(Leung, 2007) 15
圖 3.3 允許缺貨的EOQ模式(Minner, 2007) 17
圖 3.4 允許缺貨的EPQ模式(Minner, 2007) 18
圖 3.5 允許缺貨的EOQ模式(Wee et al., 2009) 21
圖 3.7 安全存量下之損耗性存貨模式(Ghare and Scheader, 1963) 28
圖 3.8 無安全存量下之損耗性存貨模式(Ghare and Scheader, 1963) 30
圖 3.9 允許缺貨下之損耗性存貨模式(Wee, 1992) 31
圖 3.10 允許缺貨下之損耗性生產存貨模式(Wee and Law, 1997) 33
圖 4.2 EOQ without backorders 42
圖 4.3 EOQ with backorders 46
圖 4.4 EPQ with backorders 51
圖 4.5 數值範例最佳解 59
圖 4.6 EPQ with backorders敏感度分析 63

表目錄
表 2.1 損耗性存貨相關文獻整理 10
表 3.1 模式符號說明(Grubbström and Erdem, 1999) 12
表 3.2 模式符號說明(Leung, 2007) 14
表 3.3 模式符號說明(Minner, 2007) 16
表 3.4 模式符號說明(Wee et al., 2009) 20
表 3.5 模式符號說明(Teng, 2008) 23
表 3.6 Without derivatives存貨模式之比較 25
表 3.7 損耗性模式符號說明 27
表 3.8 敏感度參數及相對應的總成本 34
表 3.9 與TRCofD總成本的差距百分比 36
表 3.10 TRC2與TRCofD總成本函數的臨界點 37
表 4.1 第四章符號說明 40
表 4.4 EOQ with backorders範例符號說明 50
表 4.5 EOQ with backorders運算結果 50
表 4.6 EPQ with backorders符號說明 55
表 4.7 EPQ with backorders運算結果 55
表 4.8 數值範例符號 58
表 4.9 數值範例最佳解 58
表 4.10 訂購成本A的敏感度分析 60
表 4.11 每日之生產率P的敏感度分析 60
表 4.12 每日之需求率K的敏感度分析 61
表 4.13 持有成本h的敏感度分析 61
表 4.14 缺貨成本v的敏感度分析 62
表 4.15 損耗率 的敏感度分析 62
表 4.16 Φ內所有參數變化總成本對原始參數總成本的敏感度 63

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