臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

使用高爐爐石粉以取代部分水泥，對水泥質材料之發展有許多益處，由本研究實驗結果得知，於28天齡期，固定水膠比為0.3，水泥漿與砂漿內添加水泥取代量10 %之高爐爐石粉，相較於控制組，抗壓強度可分別提升至82.25 MPa 及92.78 MPa。當爐石粉取代量達到50 %，介於28天齡期至56天齡期之抗壓強度發展較緩慢，且幾乎達到穩定值，，同時根據實驗數據，分析在於不同齡期時，不同水膠比與爐石粉取代量對硬固爐石水泥漿與砂漿抗壓強度發展之數學%預測公式。
添加高爐爐石粉會減緩水泥與水之初期水化反應，使早期抗壓強度較低。本研究探討添加矽酸鈉(水玻璃)作為鹼性激發劑，增強爐石粉於水泥漿內之膠結能力，提升早期抗壓強度。實驗結果顯示，相較於一般水泥漿，添加5 %及10 %之矽酸鈉會降低抗壓強度，對機械性質有不利影響，水膠比0.3、0.4及0.5之水泥漿，當添加矽酸鈉10 %會分別降低抗壓強度7.5 %、47.2 %及24.8 %。相較於未添加鹼性激發劑之爐石水泥漿，添加矽酸鈉會降低漿體之抗壓強度，因此，以5%或10%矽酸鈉作為鹼性激發劑取代部份拌合水不適合用以增進爐石粉水泥漿體之卜無嵐反應，或改善早期強度。

The use of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) as cement replacement has a lot of advantages. From experimental results, on w/b ratio of 0.3, at age of 28 days, the compressive strength of 10% GGBFS blended paste and mortar reached the values up to 82.25 MPa and 92.78 MPa, respectively. Cement substitution with GGBFS up to 50% led to similar or slightly higher strength at ages of 28 and 56 days as compared with that of the control sample. Based on the experimental data, the mathematical equation to predict the compressive strength of paste and mortar at ages of 28 and 56 days as a function of w/b and GGBFS percentage of OPC replacement has been proposed..
Although the addition of GGBFS has many benefits, its initial lower hydration rate leads to lower early strength. Therefore, in this study, an attempt of using the sodium silicate (waterglass) as alkaline solution was carried out as chemical activator to promote the early strength of GGBFS blended paste. However, the incorporation of 5% and 10% of waterglass led to degradation of mechanical properties especially on compressive strength. Reduction of compressive strength of alkali-activated GGBFS blended paste with 10% waterglass was 7.5%, 47.2% and 24.8% for w/b of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively, compared with the compressive strength of non-alkali-activated GGBFS blended paste. Thus, using 5% or 10% of sodium silicate to partially replace the mixing water is unable neither to enhance the pozzolanic reaction of blended paste nor to improve the early age strength.

Contents

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Personal Acknowledgements iii
Contents iv
List of Symbols and Abbreviations vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Significance and research objectives 3
1.3 Research outlines 3
Chapter 2 Literature review 6
2.1 Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) 6
2.1.1 OPC as cementitious binder 6
2.1.2 Environmental impact of OPC production 9
2.2 Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) 10
2.2.1 GGBFS as supplementary cementitious material 10
2.2.2 Environmental impact of using GGBFS as supplementary cementitious material 13
2.3 Alkali-activated cementitious materials (AACMs) 13
2.4 Compressive strength prediction 16
Chapter 3 Experimental study 24
3.1 Materials 24
3.2 Mix proportion and curing 24
3.3 Test methods 26
3.3.1 Flowability (consistency of fresh mix) 26
3.3.2 Setting time 26
3.3.3 pH value 27
3.3.4 Compressive strength 28
3.3.5 Drying shrinkage 29
3.3.6 Dynamic elastic and shear modulus 29
3.3.7 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) 30
3.3.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 31
Chapter 4 Results and discussion 42
4.1 Fresh and hardened properties of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 42
4.1.1 Flowability of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 42
4.1.2 Setting time of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 42
4.1.3 pH value of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 43
4.1.4 Compressive strength of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 43
4.1.5 Drying shrinkage of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 46
4.1.6 Dynamic elastic and shear modulus of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 47
4.1.7 UPV results of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 49
4.1.8 Microstructure of OPC-GGBFS blended paste 49
4.2 Fresh and hardened properties of OPC-GGBFS blended mortar 50
4.2.1 Flowability of OPC-GGBFS blended mortar 50
4.2.2 Compressive strength of OPC-GGBFS blended mortar 51
4.2.3 Drying shrinkage of OPC-GGBFS blended mortar 52
4.2.4 Dynamic elastic and shear modulus of OPC-GGBFS blended mortar 53
4.2.5 UPV results of OPC-GGBFS blended mortar 55
4.3 Fresh and hardened properties of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 55
4.3.1 Flowability of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 55
4.3.2 Setting time of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 56
4.3.3 pH value of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 57
4.3.4 Compressive strength of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 58
4.3.5 Drying shrinkage of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 59
4.3.6 Dynamic elastic and shear modulus of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 59
4.3.7 UPV results of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 61
4.1.8 Microstructure of alkali-silicate-activated OPC-GGBFS blended paste 61
Chapter 5 Conclusions and suggestions 110
5.1 Conclusions 110
5.2 Suggestions 112
Acknowledgements 114
References 115

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