臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Biome-BGC是一個生態系過程模式，用以模擬生態系的生物地化循環。本研究將其應用於棲蘭山樣區台灣扁柏森林生態系。本研究中，使用2004-2007的氣象資料；模擬所需的34個生態生理常數當中，其中13個使用本研究區的前人研究結果，其餘使用模式對常綠針葉林的預設值。敏感度分析的結果顯示，在本研究區較為敏感的生態生理常數皆與碳、氮的分配有關，而與水分收支較無關。碳收支的模擬，先進行系統的初始化，再因應工業化大氣狀況的改變進行100年的模擬，接著進行90%的砍伐模擬，以及40年的森林復原模擬。結果顯示，本研究區在長期發展而未受干擾時，生態系與大氣之間的碳收支約達到平衡；90%的砍伐干擾，使生態系成為一強烈碳源，淨碳釋出的時間持續23年；隨著森林的復原使得碳的淨釋出逐漸減少並轉變為碳匯，目前本生態系之GPP、NPP與NEP分別為2.97, 0.89與0.33 kg C m-2 yr-1。比較在模擬所需的氣象資料的總水量部分，包含與不包含霧水時，對於碳收支的模擬結果差異不大，亦顯示在本研究區水分非影響碳收支的重要因子。然Biome-BGC並不能反映雲霧籠罩時的長時間潮濕情形，因而對蒸散速率的估算高於實測值；此外，土壤呼吸也有明顯的高估。顯示欲應用在本研究區，應考慮潮濕環境對土壤呼吸的限制，修正模式當中土壤濕度與異營性呼吸之間的關係，並考慮雲霧籠罩時對蒸散作用與光合作用的影響。

An ecosystem process model, BIOME-BGC, was applied at the Chi-Lan Mountain (CLM) site for the simulation of biogeochemical cycles of a Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana forest ecosystem. The daily meteorological data of the site from 2004 to 2007 were applied repeatedly to the whole simulation period. 13 of the 34 ecophysiological parameters were taken from the results of previous studies at the site, while the rest of the parameters were taken directly from the default values of the model. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ecophysiological parameters that are most sensitive at the site were those related to carbon and nitrogen allocation. On the contrary, the water cycle-related parameters had less influences on GPP. The present biogeochemical cycles of the site were simulated using a sequence of simulations including system spin-up, 100 years of industrialized atmospheric conditions, 90% harvest of the original forest, and 40 years of growth of the regenerated forest. The ecosystem stayed at a condition of carbon-neutral for very long time period and after the harvest practice, the ecosystem became a strong carbon source which lasted for 23 years. At present, the ecosystem GPP, NPP, and NEP was 2.97, 0.89, and 0.33 kg C m-2 yr-1, respectively. The simulated carbon budget showed no difference when the fog deposition was removed from the total precipitation. A modification of the model to account for the effects of fog is necessary for this site. Furthermore, the simulated soil respiration overestimated the measurement data by far. A limitation of soil respiration under wet hydrological regime should be added to the model.

1. 前言............................................... 1
1.1 森林中的碳循環.................................... 2
1.2 碳收支的估算...................................... 5
1.3 研究目的.......................................... 5
2. Biome-BGC 之探討................................... 7
2.1 Biome-BGC 模式的演進.............................. 7
2.2 Biome-BGC 的參.....................................8
2.2.1 樣區參數料..................................... 11
2.2.3 生態生理常數................................... 13
2.3 Biome-BGC 的模擬過程............................. 17
2.3.1 輻射的收支..................................... 17
2.3.2 水的收支....................................... 19
2.3.3 碳與氮的收支................................... 24
3. 應用Biome-BGC 於棲蘭山樣區台灣扁柏森林生態系—敏感度分析................................................... 33
3.1 研究樣區......................................... 33
3.1.1 樣區參數....................................... 34
3.1.2 氣象資料....................................... 38
3.1.3 生態生理常數................................... 39
3.2 參數的敏感度分析................................. 43
3.2.1 方法........................................... 43
3.2.2 敏感度分析之結果與討論......................... 45
4. 應用Biome-BGC 於棲蘭山樣區台灣扁柏森林生態系—碳收支之模擬................................................... 53
4.1 模擬流程......................................... 53
4.2 模擬結果與討論................................... 55
4.2.1 碳通量......................................... 55
4.2.2 碳存量......................................... 59
4.2.3 土壤呼吸....................................... 62
4.2.4 蒸散作用....................................... 65
5. 結論.............................................. 67
6. 參考文獻.......................................... 69

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