臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
時代的快速發展，人們看近的時間愈來愈久，在不同的使用距離、所對應的用眼度數也會有所不同。多焦點型的設計鏡片，即是一種可同時用於看遠又看近的輔助鏡片。目前市售的通用型多焦點鏡片經過了數十年不斷的改良與精進，發展至今的多焦點鏡片仍維持著上方看遠、中間累進帶看中距離、最下方看近距離的設計模式。
本研究目的在建立新的設計，同樣是可看遠、中、近，但不同在於上方看近距離(明視範圍小，可提供短期的閱讀與視近功能)；中間區域不變，仍然是看中距離的日常生活度數；下方則為看遠的度數，這樣的設計可用來針對某些特殊要求的使用者。例如:登山、高爾夫球選手、油漆師傅、演講者、櫃台人員、年長者….等等。
使用ZEMAX來設計登山型逆向多焦點鏡片之模擬結果、可用來評估其是否能達到頭部、頸部、身體軀幹與眼球在生理上最直接且舒適的用眼姿勢。










關鍵字: 逆向、多焦點、ZEMAX

Abstract
As time progresses and technology develops rapidly, more and more new things will turn up. People tend to spend more time using their eyes in a close distance, staring at digital devices. Different prescriptions base on different diopters, and they depend on the distance people using their eyes.Progressive Additive Lens (PAL), an auxiliary lens, is suit for both myopia and hyperopia. Currently, PALs for general purpose are available in the market, and has been improved and refined over decades. So far, most of the mass-produced PAL have been classified into three areas and for specified purposes. That is, upper area for looking long distance, middle progressive area for middle distance, and the bottom area for close distance.
Now, not only can be used to see in far, medium and near distance, this is a new design that the upper area of the lens can see in a close distance (the clear area is small)︔the middle area is still for middle distance, which is for regular daily use (the clear area is large)︔the bottom area is for long distance (the clear area is large), which can meet some special requirements, such as for mountain climbers, golfers, plumbers, carpenters, presenters and elders, etc....
The simulation outcome of using ZEMAX to design amountain-climbing type reverse PAL can evaluate if this new type of eye lens can physically achieve the most direct and comfortable eye position from head, neck, torso and eyeball.

Keywords:Reverse,Progressive Additive Lens,Zemax

目錄
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………..i
摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究方法 3
1.3文獻研討 3
1.3論文架構 3
第二章研究原理 5
2.1眼球的基本組成與光學特性 5
2.2 調節與老視 9
2.3 鏡片介紹 10
2.4鏡片各分區功能 11
2.5視野 15
2.6 老花解決方案 16
2.7漸進多焦點鏡片的鏡架選擇 17
2.8ZEMAX簡介 17
第三章登山型逆向多焦點鏡片 19
3.1逆向多焦點鏡片區域設計 19
3.2Walker人眼模型 26
3.3ZEMAX PAL建模資訊原理 28
3.4像值評估…………………………………………………………29
第四章實驗結果分析 32
4.1登山型多焦點鏡片近中遠設計與結果 32
第五章結論與未來展望 51
參考文獻 52
 
圖目錄
圖2.1眼球解剖簡易圖 5
圖2.2瞳孔圖表 7
圖2.3遠視區使用示意圖 11
圖2.4像差區分布圖 12
圖2.5累進區使用示意圖 13
圖2.6視近區使用示意圖 15
圖2.7雙光眼鏡與三光眼鏡示意圖 16
圖3.1三光鏡片與使用效果 19
圖3.2 漸進多焦點測試鏡片 20
圖3.3逆向多焦點鏡片與市售多焦點鏡片上半區功能比較圖 20
圖3.4逆向多焦點鏡片與市售多焦點鏡片中區功能比較圖 21
圖3.5逆向多焦點鏡片與市售多焦點鏡片下半區功能比較圖 22
圖3.6標準圖像示意圖 22
圖3.7登山型逆向多焦點鏡片視野範圍模擬配戴圖 23
圖3.8市售型多焦點鏡片視野範圍模擬配戴圖 23
圖3.9登山型逆向多焦點鏡片之概略有效焦距示意圖 24
圖3.10市售型多焦點鏡片之概略有效焦距示意圖 24
圖3.11登山型逆向多焦點與市售通用型多焦點鏡片階梯比較圖 25
圖3.12Walker人眼模型數值設定圖 26
圖3.13Walker人眼模型LAYOUT圖 26
圖3.14Walker人眼模型RMS圖 27
圖3.15 Walker人眼模型MTF圖 27
圖3.16RMS光斑範例圖 29
圖3.17MTF最大空間頻率設定 30
圖3.18MTF範例圖 31
圖4.1正視眼眼睛模型設定參數 32
圖4.2多重視角組態設定 32
圖4.3多重組態LAYOUT 33
圖4.4優化前視遠MTF 33
圖4.5優化前視中MTF 34
圖4.6優化前視近MTF 34
圖4.7變數設定 35
圖4.8優化RMS值設定 35
圖4.9優化後視遠MTF 36
圖4.10優化後視中MTF 36
圖4.11優化後視近MTF 37
圖4.12優化後數值 37
圖4.13優化後LAYOUT 38
圖4.14近視眼眼睛模型設定參數 38
圖4.15近視眼3D Layout 39
圖4.16近視眼優化前視遠MTF 39
圖4.17近視眼優化前視中MTF 40
圖4.18近視眼優化前視近MTF 40
圖4.19近視眼變數設定 41
圖4.20近視眼優化RMS值設定 41
圖4.21近視眼優化後視遠MTF 42
圖4.22近視眼優化後視中MTF 42
圖4.23近視眼優化後視近MTF 43
圖4.24近視眼優化後數值 43
圖4.25近視眼優化後MTF 44
圖4.26遠視眼眼睛模型設定參數 44
圖4.27遠視眼3D Layout 45
圖4.28遠視眼優化前視遠MTF 45
圖4.29遠視眼優化前視中MTF 46
圖4.30遠視眼優化前視近MTF 46
圖4.31遠視眼變數設定 47
圖4.32遠視眼優化RMS值設定 47
圖4.33遠視眼優化後視遠MTF 48
圖4.34遠視眼優化後視中MTF 48
圖4.35遠視眼優化後視近MTF 49
圖4.36遠視眼優化後數值 49
圖4.37遠視眼3D優化後MTF 50

 
表目錄
表2.1調節幅度與年齡關係表 10
表2.2軟式和硬式漸進多焦點鏡片設計的差異 14
表3.1 表面參數表 28
表3.2多重結構組態設置數值 29

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