臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本試驗之目的，為研究母鵝卵巢濾泡之快速生長期，並探討母鵝在初產前後之血漿雌素二醇與助孕素濃度，以及血液成分之變化。本研究共分為二個試驗：試驗I使用產蛋期之初產白羅曼母鵝7隻，母鵝採個別籠飼，每日給予光照9小時。試驗鵝隻採每日分別輪流餵食蘇丹紅或蘇丹黑色素膠囊之方式，使每日卵黃之沉積呈現不同顏色，以避免互相混雜。在餵食色素期間，每天收集其產蛋，並將收集之蛋煮熟，經冷卻後置於4℃冰箱保存，以供測定卵巢濾泡快速生長期之天數、卵黃重及卵黃直徑。試驗II使用尚未開始產蛋之27週齡白羅曼母鵝共14隻，於試驗前2週移入環控室 (26 ± 1℃) 使其適應。母鵝採個別籠飼，每日給予光照12小時，並在初產後每週將光照時間減少1小時，直至光照為每日9小時 (9L:15D) 後，即維持固定之光照。母鵝在初產前，毎週採血1次，並於初產日當天 (第1天) 及初產後之第4、7、14、28、35、42天分別採血。採集之血液樣品分別進行血球容積比、血漿雌素二醇、助孕素、總蛋白質、總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、離子鈣、pH值、鈉離子、鉀離子、氯離子濃度等之測定。
試驗I之結果顯示，母鵝卵巢濾泡之快速生長期介於7~14日之間，平均為9.9日；其中以快速生長期為9日及11日之濾泡所佔之比例較高，而其二次迴歸方程式分別為Y=44.598+1.851X-0.220X2及Y=48.483+1.526X-0.164X2 (Y：卵巢濾泡直徑；X：排卵前天數)。
試驗II之結果顯示，母鵝在初產後之血漿雌素二醇與助孕素濃度分別為137.92 pg/mL及3.23 ng/mL，均顯著較初產前之45.08 pg/mL及0.73 ng/mL為高 (P<0.001)。此外，母鵝在初產後6週之產蛋數與血漿雌素二醇濃度呈顯著正相關 (r=0.72, P<0.01)，其二次迴歸方程式為：Y＝1.97930＋0.14633X－0.00022X2 (Y：總產蛋數；X：血漿雌素二醇濃度之平均值)。另外，在血液成分方面，母鵝在初產後之血漿總蛋白質、三酸甘油酯及鉀離子等之濃度皆顯著較初產前為高 (P<0.05)；而母鵝在初產後之血球容積比、血漿pH值、鈉離子與氯離子等之濃度皆顯著較初產前為低 (P<0.05)。此外，母鵝之血漿總膽固醇與離子鈣之濃度及體重等，則在初產前後並無顯著差異。

The purpose of the present study was to investigate rapid growth of ovarian follicles, and the profiles of plasma estradiol, progesterone and blood constituents concentrations before and after onset of laying in female White Roman geese. The study was divided into two trials. In trial one, seven female White Roman geese during the first cycle of laying were used. Geese were housed in individual cages and exposed to 9 hrs of lighting (9L:15D) per day. The sudan red and sudan black dye capsules were administered on alternate days to avoid confusing in dating the color ring in the yolk deposit. Eggs were hard boiled and stored at 4℃ for determining the length of rapid growth period of ovarian follicles, yolk weight and yolk diameter. Fourteen 27 weeks-old female White Roman geese before onset of laying were used in trial two. Before the experiment, geese were raised in a controlled environmental house (26 ± 1℃) for 2 weeks of adaptation. Geese were housed in individual cages and exposed to 12 hrs of lighting (12L:12D) per day. After onset of laying, the lighting length was decreased gradually 1 hr per week until 9L:15D. Blood samples were collected once a week before onset of laying and on the 1st, 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st , 28th, 35th, 42nd day after onset of laying for determinations of packed cell volume, plasma pH, estradiol, progesterone, total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ionized calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations.
The results of trial one showed that the length of rapid growth period of ovarian follicles in female geese was 9.9 days (7~14 days), and 9 days and 11 days were more than the others. The quadratic regression equation of rapid growth curve of ovarian follicles were Y=44.598+1.851X-0.220 and Y=48.483+1.526X-0.164 (Y: follicle diameter, X: days before ovulation), respectively.
The results of trial two indicated that plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations before and after onset of laying were 45.08 pg/mL, 0.73 ng/mL and 137.92 pg/mL, 3.23 ng/mL respectively. The plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations after onset of laying were significantly higher than those before onset of laying (P<0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between the laying performance and the plasma estradiol concentration during the first 6 weeks of laying (r=0.72, P<0.01), and the quadratic regression equation was Y=1.97930+0.14633X- 0.00022X2 (Y: egg numbers, X: plasma estradiol concentration). In addition, the plasma total protein, triglyceride and potassium concentrations after onset of laying were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those before onset of laying. The packed cell volume, pH, plasma sodium and chloride concentrations after onset of laying were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those before onset of laying. The plasma total cholesterol, ionized calcium concentrations and body weight were no significant difference before and after onset of laying.

目 錄
壹、中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
貳、前言------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
參、文獻檢討------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
ㄧ、母鵝之生殖生理------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
(一) 母鵝之生殖系統------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
(二) 母鵝之季節性生殖特性-------------------------------------------------------------- 14
二、卵巢內泌素與母禽生殖之關係---------------------------------------------------------- 16
(一) 卵巢內泌素之作用-------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
(二) 卵巢內泌素之合成-------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
(三) 初產前後卵巢內泌素濃度之變化-------------------------------------------------- 21
三、母禽卵巢濾泡快速生長期 (rapid follicular growth, RFG)-------------------------- 24
(一) 卵巢濾泡之體系 (hierarchy)-------------------------------------------------------- 24
(二) 卵巢濾泡之生長與卵黃之沉積----------------------------------------------------- 26
(三) 檢測卵巢中濾泡之快速生長情形之方法----------------------------------------- 28
(四) 影響卵巢濾泡快速生長期之因子-------------------------------------------------- 29
肆、試驗材料與方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
試驗I. 母鵝卵巢濾泡之快速生長-------------------------------------------------------------- 32
一、試驗動物-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
二、飼養與管理----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
(一) 環境溫度-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
(二) 光照制度-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
(三) 餵飼方式-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
三、試驗方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
(一) 色素膠囊之製備----------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
(二) 色素膠囊之餵食----------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
(三) 蛋之收集與處理----------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
(四) 卵巢濾泡快速生長期之測定-------------------------------------------------------- 34
四、統計分析-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
試驗II. 母鵝在初產前後血液成分之變化---------------------------------------------------- 35
一、試驗動物-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
二、飼養與管理----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
(一) 環境溫度-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
(二) 光照制度-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
(三) 餵飼方式-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
(四) 記錄項目-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
三、血液樣品之採集與處理-------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
(一) 採樣時間-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
(二) 血液樣品之處理----------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
四、分析項目及方法----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
(一) 血漿雌素二醇及助孕素濃度之測定----------------------------------------------- 37
(二) 一般血液成分之測定----------------------------------------------------------------- 41
1. 血漿總蛋白質濃度之測定-------------------------------------------------------- 41
2. 血漿總膽固醇濃度之測定-------------------------------------------------------- 43
3. 血漿三酸甘油酯濃度之測定----------------------------------------------------- 45
4. 血球容積比之測定----------------------------------------------------------------- 47
5. 血漿離子鈣濃度及pH值之測定------------------------------------------------ 49
6. 血漿鈉、鉀、氯離子濃度之測定----------------------------------------------- 49
五、統計分析------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
伍、結果與討論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
試驗I. 母鵝卵巢濾泡之快速生長-------------------------------------------------------------- 52
一、母鵝卵巢濾泡之快速生長期-------------------------------------------------------------- 52
二、母鵝卵巢濾泡之快速生長期曲線-------------------------------------------------------- 55
試驗II. 母鵝在初產前後之血液成分變化---------------------------------------------------- 58
一、母鵝在初產前後之血液內泌素濃度變化----------------------------------------------- 58
(一) 血漿雌素二醇濃度-------------------------------------------------------------------- 58
(二) 血漿助孕素濃度----------------------------------------------------------------------- 61
(三) 母鵝之血液內泌素濃度與產蛋性能之關係-------------------------------------- 63
二、母鵝在初產前後之一般血液成分變化-------------------------------------------------- 65
(一) 血漿總蛋白質濃度-------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
(二) 血漿總膽固醇濃度-------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
(三) 血漿三酸甘油酯濃度----------------------------------------------------------------- 71
(四) 血球容積比----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
(五) 血漿離子鈣濃度----------------------------------------------------------------------- 75
(六) 血漿酸鹼值----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
(七) 血漿鈉離子----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
(八) 血漿鉀離子----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
(九) 血漿氯離子----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
三、母鵝在性成熟前後之體重變化----------------------------------------------------------- 85
陸、結論----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
柒、參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
捌、附表----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96
玖、英文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
表 次
表1. 鵝隻飼糧之組成分--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
表2. 雌素二醇分析之試劑成分------------------------------------------------------------------ 40
表3. 助孕素分析之試劑成分--------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
表4. 母鵝卵巢濾泡之快速生長期、平均卵黃重及卵黃直徑-------------------------------53
表5. 母鵝卵巢濾泡之快速生長期與卵黃重及卵黃直徑之相關係數--------------------- 53
表6. 母鵝之血液內泌素濃度與產蛋性能之相關係數--------------------------------------- 64
表7. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血液生化値及體重變化--------------------------------------- 68
附 表 次
附表1. 母鵝在初產前後之血漿雌素二醇與助孕素濃度變化------------------------------ 96
附表2. 母鵝在初產後6週期間雌素二醇與助孕素濃度、雌素二醇/助孕素濃度比值
、產蛋數及平均蛋重--------------------------------------------------------------------- 97
附表3. 母鵝在初產前後之血漿總蛋白質、總膽固醇與三酸甘油酯濃度變化--------- 98
附表4. 母鵝在初產前後之血球容積比、血漿離子鈣濃度與酸鹼值變化--------------- 99
附表5. 母鵝在初產前後之血漿鈉離子、鉀離子、氯離子濃度及體重變化----------- 100
圖 次
圖1. 母鵝生殖系統之解剖構造------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
圖2. 母雞生殖道組織之橫切面圖---------------------------------------------------------------- 8
圖3. 精子貯存小管之簡圖------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
圖4. 控制家禽生殖之神經內分泌機制--------------------------------------------------------- 15
圖5. 母禽及公禽之生殖系統與神經系統及內分泌腺之關係----------------------------- 17
圖6. 產蛋母雞卵巢中體系前濾泡及體系濾泡之顆粒性與濾泡膜組織的類固醇
合成-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
圖7. 產蛋開始與血漿雌素二醇、助孕素及睪固酮濃度之關係--------------------------- 22
圖8. 產蛋母雞卵巢之黃色濾泡體系------------------------------------------------------------ 25
圖9. 濾泡壁之血管構造--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
圖10. 卵黃經冷凍與福馬林溶液固定後，再以重鉻酸鉀染色後之縱切面------------- 30
圖11. 試驗期之光照制度------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
圖12. 化學冷光免疫分析法 (CLIA) 之競爭結合反應------------------------------------- 38
圖13. 化學冷光之生成---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
圖14. 母鵝餵食色素膠囊期間，其卵黃之色素沉積及消失之過程---------------------- 54
圖15. 母鵝卵巢濾泡快速生長曲線------------------------------------------------------------- 56
圖16. 母鵝卵巢濾泡快速生長曲線------------------------------------------------------------- 57
圖17. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿雌素二醇濃度變化------------------------------------- 60
圖18. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿雌素二醇濃度變化------------- 60
圖19. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿助孕素濃度變化---------------------------------------- 62
圖20. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿助孕素濃度變化---------------- 62
圖21. 母鵝在初產後6週之產蛋數與血漿雌素二醇濃度之二次迴歸曲線------------- 64
圖22. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿總蛋白質濃度變化------------------------------------- 67
圖23. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿總蛋白質濃度變化------------- 67
圖24. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿總膽固醇濃度變化------------------------------------- 70
圖25. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿總膽固醇濃度變化------------- 70
圖26. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿三酸甘油酯濃度變化---------------------------------- 72
圖27. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿三酸甘油酯濃度變化---------- 72
圖28. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血球容積比變化---------------------------------------------- 74
圖29. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血球容積比變化---------------------- 74
圖30. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿離子鈣濃度變化---------------------------------------- 76
圖31. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿離子鈣濃度變化---------------- 76
圖32. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿酸鹼值變化---------------------------------------------- 78
圖33. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿酸鹼值變化---------------------- 78
圖34. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿鈉離子濃度變化---------------------------------------- 80
圖35. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿鈉離子濃度變化---------------- 80
圖36. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿鉀離子濃度變化---------------------------------------- 82
圖37. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿鉀離子濃度變化---------------- 82
圖38. 母鵝在初產前後期間之血漿氯離子濃度變化---------------------------------------- 84
圖39. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之血漿氯離子濃度變化---------------- 84
圖40. 母鵝在初產前後期間之體重變化------------------------------------------------------- 86
圖41. 母鵝在初產前10週至初產後42日期間之體重變化------------------------------- 86

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