臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

新式健康操訓練頻率對學童骨質和
體適能的影響

摘要

本研究的目的在探討：十八週不同頻率的新式健康操活動對國小學童骨質強度與體適能的影響。以彰化縣和美國小六年級男、女學童共78名以隨機抽樣分別進入實驗組A、B及控制組訓練。實驗組A進行週每週兩次，每次15分鐘的新式健康操活動；實驗組B進行每週四次，每次15分鐘的新式健康操活動；控制組不訓練。受試者於訓練前、中、後，接受骨質超音波檢測及各項體適能檢測。本研究以二因子混合設計分析各組骨質發育與體適能的變化情形，顯著水準設為α=.05，研究結果發現如下：
1.實驗B組女童脛骨骨質有進步但A組沒有改變，顯示每週四次，每次15分鐘的新式健康操對女童有效，但每週兩次則沒有幫助。
2.實驗B組男童心肺耐力有進步，但實驗A組沒有改變，顯示每週四次，每次15分鐘的新式健康操對男童有效，但每週兩次則沒有幫助。
3. 18週不同頻率的新式健康操訓練對國小六年級男、女學童在BMI、爆發力、腹肌耐力及柔軟度等體適能沒有改善。
十八週、每週四次、每次15分鐘的新式健康操訓練對國小六年級女童在脛骨骨質與男童心肺功能有效，但對其他方面健康體適能，如身體質量指數、肌肉適能及柔軟度等改善則效果不明顯。因此，欲改善學童體適能應加強運動時間與強度。
關鍵詞：學童、骨質強度、體適能、健康操

Effects of New Style Gymnastics With Different Frequencies on Bone Strength and Health- related Physical Fitness of Children

Abstract

The purposes of the study were to investigate the effect of bone strength and physical fitness on elementary school high-grade students after 18 weeks of the new style gymnastics training (NSGT) with two different frequencies. Seventy-eight six-grade students of Ho-mei elementary school, Chang-hua, Taiwan were volunteers as subjects and they were divided into group A (EG-A), B (EG-B), and the group C (CG). The EG-A had two days of 15 min NSGT per week; The EG-B had four days of 15 min NSGT per week; and CG had no training for 18 weeks. All of the subjects had to go through the testing events before, mid, and after the training. The test events included assessed radius and tibia bone strength (Sunlight Omnisense® 7000P) and health-related physical fitness test, including the BMI, sit and reach, standing jump, 1-min sit-up and 800m run. Two-way ANOVA mixed design was used to analyze the data. The alpha level was set at .05. The findings are as follows:
1. EG-B’s girl had improved tibia bone strength but EG-B had not changes indicating 4 days of 15 min NSGT per week for girls was better than 2 days of 15 min NSGT per week on bone strength.
2. EG-B’s boy had improved cardiovascular endurance but EG-B had not indicating 4 days of 15 min NSGT per week for boys was better than 2 days of 15 min NSGT per week on 800m run.
3. No difference was found on BMI, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility with two different frequencies of NSGT of elementary school high-grade students.
Four days, 15 min, and 18 weeks of NSGT for six-grade students improved tibia bone strength for girls and better of cardiovascular endurance for boys, but it was not difference on the other health-related physical fitness such as BMI, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility. Therefore, in order to improve and promote kids health-related fitness, it needs high intensity and frequencies of NSGT


Key words: elementary students, bone strength, physical fitness,
Gymnastics

目 錄

第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

第一節 研究動機------------------------------------------------------------- 1
第二節 研究目的------------------------------------------------------------- 3
第三節 研究假設------------------------------------------------------------- 3
第四節
研究範圍與限制---------------------------------------------------- 3
第五節 名詞解釋------------------------------------------------------------- 5

第二章 文獻探討------------------------------------------------------------ 8

第一節 骨質疏鬆與評估方法-------------------------------------- 9
第二節 身體活動與骨質的相關研究--------------------------------------- 13
第三節 運動與健康體適能的相關研究------------------------------------- 17

第三章 研究方法-------------------------------------------------------------- 20

第一節 研究流程及架構-------------------------------------------------------------- 20
第二節 研究對象------------------------------------------------------------- 21
第三節 實驗時間與地點----------------------------------------------------- 22
第四節
實施方法與步驟----------------------------------------------------- 22
第五節 統計資料處理與分析----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- 32
第四章 結果與討論---------------------------------------------------------- 33

第一節 男、女學童三組前測值之同質性考驗----------------------------------
--------------- 33
第二節 男、女學童骨質變化情形-------------------------------------------------
---------- 36
第三節 男、女學童各項健康體適能變化----------------------------------
------- 50

第五章 結論與建議---------------------------------------------------------- 81

第一節 結論------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
第二節 建議------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
附 錄

一 受試者同意書------------------------------------------------------- 92
二 生活習慣問卷調查表----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------- 93
三 骨質強度檢測紀錄表---------------------------------------------------- 96
四 新式健康操動作介紹-----------------------------------------------------
97
五 (男童、女童)實驗組A橈骨骨質強度一覽表---------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
六 (男童、女童)實驗組B橈骨骨質強度一覽表---------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
七 (男童、女童)控制組橈骨骨質強度一覽表------------------------- ------------------------------ 101
八 (男童、女童)實驗組A脛骨骨質強度一覽表--------------------- ---------------------------- 102
九 (男童、女童)實驗組B脛骨骨質強度一覽表--------------------- ------------------------------- 103
十 (男童、女童)控制組脛骨骨質強度一覽表----------------------- 104
十一 (男童、女童)實驗組A身體質量指數一覽表--------------------- ---------------------------- 105
十二 (男童、女童)實驗組B身體質量指數一覽表-------------------- 106
十三 (男童、女童)控制組身體質量指數一覽表----------------------- 107
十四 (男童、女童)實驗組A立定跳遠一覽表-------------------------- 108
十五 (男童、女童)實驗組B立定跳遠一覽表-------------------------- 109
十六 (男童、女童)控制組立定跳遠一覽表----------------------------- 110
十七 (男童、女童)實驗組A屈膝仰臥起坐一覽表-------------------- 111
十八 (男童、女童)實驗組B屈膝仰臥起坐一覽表-------------------- 112
十九 (男童、女童)控制組屈膝仰臥起坐一覽表----------------------- 113
二十 (男童、女童)實驗組A坐姿體前彎一覽表----------------------- 114
二十一 (男童、女童)實驗組B坐姿體前彎一覽表----------------------- 115
二十二 (男童、女童)控制組坐姿體前彎一覽表-------------------------- 116
二十三 (男童、女童)實驗組A八百公尺跑走一覽表-------------------- 117
二十四 (男童、女童)實驗組B八百公尺跑走一覽表-------------------- 118
二十五 (男童、女童)控制組八百公尺跑走一覽表----------------------- 119
表 目 錄

表 1-1 女孩子性成熟的分期依據-------------------------------------------------- 6
表 1-2 男孩子性成熟的分期依據-------------------------------------------------- 7
表 2-1 雙能量X光機收測量儀與聲波傳導速率的相關性-------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
表 3-1 受試者基本資料-------------------------------------------------------------- 21
表 4-1 研究樣本之組別與樣本數分析表----------------------------------------- 33
表 4-2 男童各組骨質前測同質性考驗--------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- 34
表 4-3 男童各組體適能前測同質性考驗----------------------------------------- 34
表 4-4 女童各組骨質前測同質性考驗--------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
表 4-5 女童各組體適能前測同質性考驗------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------- 350
表 4-6 男童健康操訓練對各組橈骨骨質強度之變化表----------------------- 36
表 4-7 男童橈骨骨質的變異數分析摘要表-------------------------------------- 37
表 4-8 男童各組間橈骨骨質強度變差異表-------------------------------------- 38
表 4-9 女童健康操訓練對各組橈骨骨質強度之變化表----------------------- 39
表 4-10 女童橈骨骨質的變異數分析摘要表-------------------------------------- 39
表 4-11 女童各組間橈骨骨質強度變差異表-------------------------------------- 40
表 4-12 男童健康操訓練對各組脛骨骨質強度之變化表-----------------------
43
表 4-13 男童脛骨骨質的變異數分析摘要表-------------------------------------- 44
表 4-14 男童各組間脛骨骨質強度變差異表-------------------------------------- 45
表 4-15 女童健康操訓練對各組脛骨骨質強度之變化表----------------------- 46
表 4-16 女童脛骨骨質的變異數分析摘要表--------------------------------------
46
表 4-17 女童各組間脛骨骨質強度變差異表-------------------------------------- 47
表 4-18 男童健康操訓練對各組身體質量指數變化表-------------------------- 50
表 4-19 男童BMI的變異數分析摘要表------------------------------------------- 51
表 4-20 男童各組間身體質量指數變差異表-------------------------------------- 52
表 4-21 女童健康操訓練對各組身體質量指數變化表-------------------------- 53
表 4-22 女童BMI的變異數分析摘要表------------------------------------------- 53
表 4-23 女童各組間身體質量指數變差異表--------------------------------------
54
表 4-24 男童健康操訓練對立定跳遠成績變化表-------------------------------- 56
表 4-25 男童立定跳遠的變異數分析摘要表-------------------------------------- 56
表 4-26 男童各組間立定跳遠變差異表-------------------------------------------- 57
表 4-27 女童健康操訓練對立定跳遠成績變化表-------------------------------- 59
表 4-28 女童立定跳遠的變異數分析摘要表-------------------------------------- 59
表 4-29 女童各組間立定跳遠變差異表-------------------------------------------- 60
表 4-30 男童健康操訓練對各組屈膝仰臥起坐變化表-------------------------- 62
表 4-31 男童屈膝仰臥起坐的變異數分析摘要表----------------------------- 62
表
4-32 男童各組間屈膝仰臥起坐變差異表-------------------------------------- 63
表

4-33 女童健康操訓練對各組屈膝仰臥起坐變化表-------------------------- 65
表 4-34 女童屈膝仰臥起坐的變異數分析摘要表-----------------------------
65
表 4-35 男童健康操訓練對各組坐姿體前彎變化表----------------------------- 67
表 4-36 男童坐姿體前彎的變異數分析摘要表----------------------------------- 67
表 4-37 男童各組間坐姿體前彎變差異表----------------------------------------- 69
表
4-38 女童健康操訓練對各組坐姿體前彎變化表----------------------------- 70
表 4-39 女童坐姿體前彎的變異數分析摘要表----------------------------------- 70
表 4-40 女童各組間坐姿體前彎變差異表----------------------------------------- 71
表 4-41 男童健康操訓練對各組八百公尺跑走變化表-------------------------- 74
表 4-42 男童八百公尺跑步的變異數分析摘要表--------------------------------
74
表 4-43 男童各組間八百公尺跑走變差異表-------------------------------------- 75
表 4-44 女童健康操訓練對各組八百公尺跑走變化表-------------------------- 77
表 4-45 女童八百公尺跑步的變異數分析摘要表-------------------------------- 77
表 4-46 女童各組間八百公尺跑走成績變差異表--------------------------------
78
圖 目 錄

圖 2-1 兒童骨質發育與健康適能架構圖-------------------------------------- 8
圖 3-1 研究流程及架構圖------------------------------------------------------- 20
圖 3-2 Omnisense專用量尺圖-------------------------------------------------- 25
圖 3-3 橈骨遠端1/3的定位圖-------------------------------------------------- 25
圖 3-4 橈骨遠端1/3的定位圖-------------------------------------------------- 26
圖 3-5 橈骨測量專用枕圖-------------------------------------------------------
26
圖 3-6 橈骨測量的姿勢圖-------------------------------------------------------
26
圖 3-7 脛骨測量部位之定位圖------------------------------------------------- 26
圖 3-8 測量脛骨的姿勢圖------------------------------------------------------- 26
圖 3-9 測量脛骨的姿勢圖------------------------------------------------------- 27
圖 3-10 OmnisenseTM7000P骨質超音波掃瞄儀器圖----------------------------
27
圖 3-11 測量橈骨密度實際操做情形圖-------------------------------------------- 28
圖 3-12 測量脛骨密度實際操作情形圖-------------------------------------------- 28
圖 4-1 男童各組別整體前、中與後測之橈骨骨強度折線圖----------------- 37
圖 4-2 女童各組別整體前、中與後測之橈骨骨強度折線圖----------------- 41
圖 4-3 男童各組別整體前、中與後測之脛骨強度折線圖-------------------- 45
圖 4-4 女童各組別整體前、中與後測之脛骨強度折線圖-------------------- 48
圖 4-5 男童各組別整體前、中與後測之BMI折線圖------------------------- 51
圖 4-6 女童各組別整體前、中與後測之BMI折線圖------------------------- 55
圖 4-7 男童各組別整體前、中與後測之立定跳遠之折線圖----------------- 58
圖 4-8 女童各組別整體前、中與後測之立定跳遠之折線圖----------------- 61
圖 4-9 男童各組別整體前、中與後測之屈膝仰臥起坐折線圖-------------- 64
圖 4-10 女童各組別整體前、中與後測之屈膝仰臥起坐折線圖-------------- 66
圖 4-11 男童各組別整體前、中與後測之坐姿體前彎折線圖-----------------
68
圖 4-12 女童各組別整體前、中與後測之坐姿體前彎折線圖-----------------
72
圖 4-13 男童各組別整體前、中與後測之八百公尺跑走折線圖--------------
76
圖 4-14 女童各組別整體前、中與後測之八百公尺跑走折線圖--------------
79

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