臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線感測網路是近年來應用相當廣的一種技術，由於科技的進步，各式各樣的感測器不斷地出現，所應用的層面也越來越廣泛。例如軍事戰場上的佈署，收集前線最新敵方的行蹤資料，讓指揮官可依照情況調整戰略。對於前線緊急狀；醫療上的健康照護，可以用來收集病人診療過程中的數據與監控用藥情況；在車載網路上，用以收集最新路況資訊，提供駕駛人在行車時選擇較好的行進路線。而為了建立這樣的感測環境，需要透過數以萬計的微感測器彼此溝通協調才能完成，受限於感測器本身有限的電力，記憶體容量與運算能力，近年來的議題主要著重在如何有效管理電力、提升追蹤效率、與資料的回報與整合方面，來提升整體無線感測網路的存活時間。
傳統的感測網路是以靜態感測器所組成，然而現今手機、PDA、移動裝置的技術發展迅速，因此本論文著重在可移動的感測裝置所組成的無線感測網路，利用可移動行動感測器來提升目標追蹤效率與結合資料傳遞上的整合。本研究承接去年提出的行動感測器網路下針對移動物件監控之合作式巡守、目標追蹤及動態互助策略，繼續做深入的討論。該策略所提出的追蹤方法中，我們發現到資料的回報與目標的找尋上，耗費能量比例太高，這個現象會導致無線感測網路在傳輸上容易因為訊息量太高而將本身電力耗盡導致無法繼續傳送資料。針對此問題，本實驗著重以降低資料量與提升追蹤效率做考量。
在資料融合的策略方法中，我們採用延時等待的策略，將區域內的資料做有效的整合，降低原生資料在網路上傳遞的通訊支出，並且找尋最佳的傳送路徑，能最快最及時的將資料傳送到資料匯集點（Sink Node），減少網路廣播的因封包量太多所可能引起的擁塞。從研究中可以發現到花費在資料回報與追蹤目標的軌跡所耗費的資源是最多的，本研究藉由改善這兩個方面所造成的問題，讓整個無線感測網路的資料傳輸更有效率。

Wireless Sensor Network is a new emerging technology in recent years. As technology advances, the applications of wireless sensor network are widely deployed on many kinds of places, such as military-capturing, home-caring, to collect lots of sensing data for analyzing. We transform these data into useful information, and the commanders can adjust the strategy according to circumstances.
We propose an object tracking method, predictive approaching method to improve the tracking rate we propose before. Target tracking is an importing issue to collect data from deploying environment. From the results of implementation, we find that the energy consumption of reporting stage is more than object tracking. We propose another important issue about data report, delay reporting method. The Implementation we do before is just focus on tracking method. But sensor node is energy limited driver. We can prolong the wireless sensor network life time by reducing the energy consumption. We analyze various situations for different strategies to be effective and provide useful suggestion for our wireless sensor network system.

致 謝 i
摘 要 ii
Abstract iv
目 錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第1章 簡介 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的與方法 2
1.3 研究成果 2
第2章 相關研究 5
2.1 感測目標追蹤 5
2.2 感測資料的整合 6
第3章 行動感測網路與目標追蹤架構 9
3.1 行動感測網路追蹤策略 9
3.2 行動感測網路之資料回報 14
第4章 合作巡守與目標追蹤 15
4.1 環境架構概述 15
4.2 感測狀態轉換 16
4.3 狀態訊息處理設計 19
4.4 合作式巡守之換班 21
4.5 目標追蹤與任務換手 23
4.6 目標遺失與搜尋 27
第5章 資料回報整合 29
5.1 資料回報路徑選擇 29
5.2 資料收集與傳送時機 32
第6章 模擬與分析 35
6.1 模擬方法與環境設定 35
6.2 實驗參數設定 37
6.3 監測目標追蹤率比較 40
6.4 監控任務回報訊息量比較 42
6.5 監控任務之耗電量比較 44
6.6 監控任務之移動距離比較 47
6.7 資料整合策略前後耗能比較 50
6.8 綜合交叉比較 52
6.9 目標軌跡與追蹤軌跡比較 57
第7章 結論與未來工作 59
7.1 結論 59
7.2 未來工作 59
參考文獻 61

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