臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

微生物固定化在廢水處理上有許多的優點，包括易於製備、菌體安定不易失活、結合強度佳、適用菌種範圍廣泛、污泥體積小而不易膨化等優點，而海藻膠、洋菜等天然材料作為固定化擔體，較合成材料而言，更具有微生物易於著生、擴散質傳效果良好、最終分解性佳等優點。白腐菌具有難分解之木質素系污染物之分解能力，然而菌絲需著生之特性，卻影響其實際應用之潛力。因此本研究利用海藻酸鈣及聚胺基甲酸乙酯泡棉對白腐菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 36319與Trametes versicolor ATCC 37501進行固定化，處理硫酸鹽紙漿漂白廢水，比較懸浮培養系統，及以天然材料、合成材料為擔體之固定化系統之處理效能，以探討微生物固定化在應用於白腐菌處理漂白廢水之可行性。
實驗結果顯示，適合Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 36319處理的最佳條件為pH4.0-5.5、溫度37℃、共代謝碳源基質為glucose和starch、碳濃度為5g/L、氮濃度為0.1g/L，Trametes versicolor ATCC 37501處理的最佳條件為pH 4.5-6.5、溫度為30℃、共代謝碳源基質碳濃度(glucose和starch) 10g/L、氮濃度則無明顯限制。固定化系統，脫色速率雖然較低，但其可維持較久的脫色能力，故本研究証明固定化微生物處理製漿廢水有很高的可行性。

Wastewater treatment by immobilization of microorganisms received more attention than suspended system. Among variety of immobilization techniques, entrapment shows great promise for its simplicity and stability. Due to simpler immobilization procedure, high solubility, excellent diffusivity, good growth and good long-term biodegradability, natural polymers, such as alginate and carrageenan, are superior to synthetic polymers for microbial entrapment bedding purpose. Capability to degrade recalcitrant lignin-related pollutant by white rot fungi is well studied, however, inferior mycelial growth pattern under stirred suspended system significantly reduce their applicability for industrial scale wastewater treatment.
Hence, calcium alginate and ployureathane foam were used as bedding materials to entrap two white rot fungus: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 36319 and Trametes versicolor ATCC 37501, and bleaching effluent, from mixture of chlorination and alkali extraction, was treated in this study.
For treating effluents, optimal conditions using Phanerochaete chrysosporium were pH 4.0-5.5, 37℃, glucose or starch, 5g/L carbon concentration, with 0.1g/L nitrogen. Optimal conditions using Trametes versicolor were pH 4.5-6.5, 30℃, glucose or starch, 10 g/L carbon concentration, where nitrogen content was unrelated. Immobilized system were able to decolourize for longer period, although they exhibit lower optimal rate than suspended ones. In conclusion, the feasibility to treat bleaching effluent by white rot fungus entrapment is demonstrated.

目錄
頁次
目錄…………………………………………………………………… I
表目次…………………………………………………………………IV
圖目次…………………………………………………………………V
摘要……………………………………………………………..…....VIII
Summary………………………………………………………………. X
壹、前言 …………………………………………………………. ..1
貳、文獻回顧 ……………………………………………………....3
一、木材腐朽菌…………………………………………………......3
(一) 白腐菌細胞構造 ……………………………………………..8
(二) 白腐菌生長及培養因子 ……………………………………..9
(三) 白腐菌在水質處理上之應用 ……………………………….16
二、微生物固定化 ………………………………………………...18
(一) 固定化的方法 ……………………………………………….18
(二) 固定化於水質處理上之應用 ……………………………….22
三、製漿造紙廢水色度來源…………………………………………24
四、紙漿廢水處理方法………………………………………………25
(一) 生物處理法……………………………………………………25
(二) 物化處理法…………………………………………………....27
參、試驗材料與方法……………………………………………….29
一、試驗流程 …………………………………………………….29
二、試驗材料 …………………………………………………….30
三、試驗方法 …………………………………………………….31
(一) 廢水製備……………………………………………………31
(二) 紙漿性質分析……………………………………………….32
(三) 廢水水質分析……………………………………………….32
1. 廢水色度 ……………………………………………….33
2. 化學需氧量……………………………………………….33
3. 木質素及氯化木質素的濃度…………………………….33
(四) 菌種植種及培養條件………………………………………..34
1. 菌種繼代培養保存……………………………………….34
2. 菌絲懸浮液的製備……………………………………….34
3.固定化白腐菌之製作 ……………………………………35
4. 生長速率的測定 ………………………………………..37
5. 生長曲線的測定………………………………………….37
6. 酵素活性的測定………………………………………….38
(五) 白腐菌處理硫酸鹽紙漿漂白廢水…………………….41
1. 懸浮白腐菌處理………………………………………….41
2. 固定化白腐菌處理………………………………………42
(1) 海藻酸鈣……………………………………………….42
(2) 聚胺基甲酸乙酯泡棉………………………………….42
(五) 固定化白腐菌之掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察………………….43
肆、結果與討論……………………………………………………..45
伍、結論……………………………………………………………..76
陸、參考文獻………………………………………………………..78

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