臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

光電轉換(PV or Photovoltaic)集光系統的目標是為利用光學元件提升整體光電轉換的效率，以降低每單位pv系統的集光成本，從而提高在太陽能電池的每單位元光能量密度。利用光學元件集光系統可以減少整體太陽能集光系統對昂貴矽太陽能電池的依賴性，並達到良好的效率。而太陽能集光系統的研究致力於(1)光能量在太陽能電池上的光能量分佈良好均勻度和(2)集光器對太陽光的大收光角。在其中折射式的菲涅洱透鏡(Fresnel lenses)是被廣為使用的一種聚光鏡。本論文之探討主題即是分別為擁有高容忍度角優勢的拱型菲涅洱聚光鏡與能量分佈能有均勻表現的平板式的菲涅洱透鏡。模擬5度容忍度角內的菲涅洱聚光鏡，並分析拱型菲涅洱透鏡的組成元件稜鏡中的各項性質。在目前以平板菲涅洱透鏡為主流的情況下，並設計了集光後在太陽能電池(Solar cell)上的能量分佈能有均勻表現為主要訴求的平板式的菲涅洱非集光式(non-imaging)透鏡。平板菲涅洱透鏡的稜鏡寬度過寬時，會造成太陽能電池分佈上能量較不均勻的情形，因此引入了平板菲涅洱透鏡中心置換非球面的想法考量，透鏡聚光後能量在太陽能電池上的分佈情形。置入非球面後，確有將均勻度提高的明顯作用。

The major aim of photovoltaic (PV) concentrator technology is to improve the PV array performance per cost unit by concentrating optical components to increase the intensity of sunlight falling on the cell. By using concentrator it is possible to decrease the area of solar cell material being used in a system and therefore to reduce the dependence of the PV industry on the silicon stock imitations as well as reaching very high efficiencies, with sophisticated high cost cells. Better uniformity performance on solar cell and larger angular acceptance of field of view of concentrator system are the two major targets of research and development in constructing the optical concentration systems. On the other hand, the use of Fresnel lenses has been the main stream for optical concentrators because of its flexibility. The subject of this thesis study is to provide the design analysis of the Dome-shaped and Plated-shaped Fresnel concentrators in which dome-shaped concentrator has larger tolerance in light collection angle, while the planer-shaped has better performance in uniformity of energy distribution on solar cell. As a basic investigation, the role of single base prism in both types of Fresnel lenses has been clarified. The main results of this thesis are that we explored and designed the dome-shaped concentrators which can have tolerance angle upto 5 degrees. As for the plated-shaped Fresnel concentrator, because of the fabrication limitation of pitch size and the consideration of compact system, high non-uniformity of energy on solar cell is inevitable, hence we introduced aspheric surface in the middle portion and it is shown that better uniformity could be achieved significantly.

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 歷史簡介 1
1-2聚光型太陽電池(HCPV)之工作原理與系統特色 1
1-2-1 聚光型太陽能電池工作原理 1
1-2-2 聚光型太陽電池系統特色 3
1-3新式光學集光系統定義 3
1-4現階段發展及文獻討論 4
1-4-1 專利部份 7
1-4-2 論文部份 9
1-5 總結 10

第二章 相關原理簡介 12
2-1聚焦菲涅洱透鏡(Fresnel lenses) 12
2-1-1在設計菲涅洱透鏡的相關假設 12
2-1-2 平板聚焦式菲涅洱透鏡公式推導 12
2-1-3 透鏡溝槽向內，向外的聚光透鏡比較 14
2-1-4拱型聚焦菲涅洱透鏡 15
2-1-5平板菲涅洱透鏡和拱型菲涅洱透鏡的比較 17
2-2 稜鏡性質 17
2-2-1 三維稜鏡 17
2-2-2 稜鏡不準度分析 18

2-3由廣義的光學不變量( )，拉格朗日不變量(Lagrange Invariant)探討集光因數 19
2-3-1由幾何觀念探討光學系統中的能量守恆 19
2-3-2 探討二維(2D)集光器的效率 24
2-4聚光型太陽電池應用中集光因數定義 25
2-5總結 26

第三章 拱型圓對稱式太陽能集光菲涅洱透鏡
3-1光束通過稜鏡二維及三維方向偏向角探討 27
3-2集光效率 27
3-3無容忍度角的拱型非聚焦式菲涅洱透鏡 30
3-4高容忍度角的拱型非聚焦式菲涅洱透鏡 32
3-4-1 原理簡介 32
3-4-2 公式推導 34
3-5 模擬結果分析 37
3-6拱型菲涅洱集光透鏡的稜鏡寬度性質分析 38
3-7 稜鏡折射率 40
3-8 稜鏡厚度設計 43
3-9 總結 45

第四章 平板型菲涅洱透鏡 47
4-1 平板非聚焦式菲涅洱集光透鏡 47
4-2 包含非球面的菲涅洱集光透鏡 50
4-3 推導二 56
4-4 總結 58
第五章 平板菲涅洱集光透鏡實驗 59
5-1 室內實驗架構 59
5- 2光源特性探討 60
5-3實驗架構討論 61
5-4 實驗結果分析 65
5-4-1 實驗一 65
5-4-2 實驗二 66
5-5室內實驗總結 66
5-6室外實驗架構 67
5-6-1 聚光型太陽能電池效能參數計算 68
5-7戶外實驗總結 69

第六章 結論與展望後續可延伸之工作與結論 70
6-1論文總結 70
6-2可延續之議題 71
附錄A地球表面光能量計算 72
附錄B太陽光能量與特性探討(sun light value/characteristic) 73
附錄C太陽能電池簡介 75
附錄D太陽能反射集中式集熱器(solar concentrator, collector) 77
附錄E光線追跡向量法 80
附錄F菲涅洱公式 82
附錄G拱型菲涅洱透鏡程式碼 84
附錄H非球面透鏡程式碼 90
附錄I平板菲洱透鏡程式碼 91

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