臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：探討健身車不同垂直高度與水平前後位置及不同座椅後傾角度下座墊位置對下肢肌群的影響。方法：實驗徵召20名健康大專生參與實驗（平均年齡24.15 ± 2.13歲、身高170 ± 8.58公分、平均體重62.16 ± 2.13公斤)。在實驗第一部分以受試者90%、95%、100%三種腿長做高度，配合五種水平位置共做15種不同座位之踩踏測試，第二部分固定受試者95%腿長做為高度以五種不同座椅後傾角度做測試，分別記錄下肢肌電訊號及踩踏舒適度問卷。結果：不同高度與前後座墊位置下，股直肌隨座位高度增加，而肌肉徵召量遞減;股二頭肌與內腓腸肌則隨座位向前，而徵召量遞減。在固定腿長之不同座椅後傾角度下，隨角度增加，脛前肌徵召量增加，而內腓腸肌則遞減。問卷發現，座墊位置向前、座椅後傾角度增加，會增加肩部的不舒適程度。結論：當座位水平向前調整時，下肢肌肉整體有較低的徵召趨勢。當座椅傾角減少時，下肢肌肉總量有較高的徵召趨勢。由於無法單純透過下肢肌電訊號判斷舒適程度，因此可透過問卷輔助。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Electromyography (EMG) on lower extremity in different cycling seat positions based on different seat tube angles (STA). Methods: Twenty healthy college students (age 24.15 ± 2.13 yrs; height 170 ± 8.58 cm; weight 62.16 ± 2.13 kg) were recruited in this study. Fifteen different cycling seat positions including 3 different heights (90%, 95%, 100% of leg length) and 5 different forward/backward position were investigated. Result: 1. The activation of the Rectus femoris decreased accompanied by increasing seat height; the activation of the Biceps femoris and the Medial Gastrocnemius decreased accompanied by forward seat position. 2. The activation of Tibialis Anterior increased accompanied by the STA increased, but the Medial Gastrocnemius decreased under the same seat height of 95% leg length. According to the questionnaire to our participants, they felt discomfort when the seat was forward and the STA increased. Conclusions: The activation of power extremity was lower when the seat moved forward. Besides, the activation of lower extremity was higher when the STA deceased.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
謝誌 iii
圖次 vi
表次 viii

第壹章 緒論 1
一、研究背景 1
二、研究目的 5
三、研究假設 5
四、研究範圍與限制 5
五、名詞操作型定義 6
六、研究的重要性 6
第貳章 相關文獻探討 7
一、座墊位置與結構探討 7
二、踏車運動之運動學與動因學 12
第參章 研究方法 17
一、實驗對象與地點 17
二、實驗設計 18
三、實驗器材與設備 20
四、實驗流程圖 22
五、資料處理 23
六、統計分析 23
第肆章 結果 25
一、各種實驗情境之實際踩踏頻率 25
二、不同座位垂直與水平位置對肌電活化程度分析 26
三、不同座椅後傾角度對肌電活化程度分析 47
四、主觀舒適度對踏車運動座墊位置之分析 50
五、受試者座墊位置迴歸分析 56
第伍章 討論與結論 58
一、不同座墊位置對肌電活化程度的影響 58
二、不同座椅後傾角度對肌電活化程度的影響 61
三、主觀舒適度對踏車運動座墊位置之評估 64
四、整體座位評估 65
五、踏車運動舒適座位評估 68
六、結論 68
七、建議 68
引用文獻 69
附錄 71
個人小傳 73

胡祖武、李傳房 (2006)。以主觀騎乘舒適性感受探討較舒適自行車。設計學報， 11(3)。
張錚璿 (2009)。改變踏車運動迴轉速與負荷量之下肢肌電學與踩踏力量分析。未出版碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
Ballantine, R., & Grant, R. (1998). Ultimate bicycle book: Dorling Kindersley Publishing.
Bressel, E., & Larson, B. J. (2003). Bicycle seat designs and their effect on pelvic angle, trunk angle, and comfort. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(2), 327-332.
Burke, E. (1986). Science of cycling: Human Kinetics Publishers.
Callaghan, M. J. (2005). Lower body problems and injury in cycling. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 9(3), 226-236.
Coast, J. R., & Welch, H. G. (1985). Linear increase in optimal pedal rate with increased power output in cycle ergometry. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 53(4), 339-342.
Dorel, S., Couturier, A., & Hug, F. (2008). Intra-session repeatability of lower limb muscles activation pattern during pedaling. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18(5), 857-865.
Ercison, M. O., Nisell, R., & Nemeth, G. (1988). Joint motions of the lower limb during ergometer cycling. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 9(8), 273-278.
Ericson, M. (1986). On the biomechanics of cycling. A study of joint and muscle load during exercise on the bicycle ergometer. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. Supplement 16, 1-43.
Gaesser, G. A., & Brooks, G. A. (1975). Muscular efficiency during steady-rate exercise: effects of speed and work rate. Journal of Applied Physiology, 38(6), 1132-1139.
Hamley, E. J., & Thomas, V. (1967). Physiological and postural factors in the calibration of the bicycle ergometer. Journal of Physiology, 191(2), 55-56.
Heil, D. P., Wilcox, A. R., & Quinn, C. M. (1995). Cardiorespiratory responses to seat-tube angle variation during steady-state cycling. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 27(5), 730-735.
Hennig, E., & Sanderson, D. (1995). In-shoe pressure distributions for cycling with two types of footwear at different mechanical loads. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 11, 68-68.
Hug, F., & Dorel, S. (2009). Electromyographic analysis of pedaling: A review. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19(2), 182-198.
Hull, M. L., and Butler. (1981). Analysis of quadriceps loading in bicycling. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 43, 263- 266.
Jones, P., & Lees, A. (2003). A biomechanical analysis of the acute effects of complex training using lower limb exercises. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 17(4), 694.
Jorge, M., & Hull, M. L. (1986). Analysis of EMG measurements during bicycle pedalling. Journal of Biomechanics, 19(9), 683-694.
Kautz, S., Feltner, M., Coyle, E., & Baylor, A. (1991). The pedaling technique of elite endurance cyclists: changes with increasing workload at constant cadence. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 7, 29-53.
Mestdagh, K. D. (1998). Personal perspective: in search of an optimum cycling posture. Applied Ergonomics, 29(5), 325-334.
Nordeen-Snyder, K. S. (1977). The effect of bicycle seat height variation upon oxygen consumption and lower limb kinematics. Medicine and Science in Sports, 9(2), 113-117.
Ricard, M., Hills-Meyer, P., Miller, M., & Michael, T. (2006). The effects of bicycle frame geometry on muscle activation and power during a Wingate anaerobic test. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5, 25-32.
Sanderson, D. J., & Amoroso, A. T. (2009). The influence of seat height on the mechanical function of the triceps surae muscles during steady-rate cycling. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19(6), e465-471.
Silberman, M. R., Webner, D., Collina, S., & Shiple, B. J. (2005). Road bicycle fit. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 15(4), 271-276.
So, R. C. H., Ng, J. K. F., & Ng, G. Y. F. (2005). Muscle recruitment pattern in cycling: A review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 6(2), 89-96.
Takaishi, T., Yasuda, Y., Ono, T., & Moritani, T. (1996). Optimal pedaling rate estimated from neuromuscular fatigue for cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28(12), 1492.
Thomas, V. (1967). Scientific setting of saddle position. American Cycling, 6(4), 12-13.