臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

微乳液是由水、油、界面活性劑和助界面活性劑在適當的比例下自發形成外觀透明或半透明、低黏度和各向同性的熱力學穩定分散系統。微乳液應用在儲存、運輸、包裝和物理等用途，因此在製藥及化妝品領域有極大潛力。
經過篩選而選用肉荳蔻酸異丙酯(IPM)作為油相、聚氧乙烯山梨醇單油酸酯(Tween 80)作為界面活性劑、異丙醇(IPA)為助界面活性劑和水為微乳液的系統，應用滴定法製備微乳液，首先探討微乳液最大溶解水量受不同Tween 80與異丙醇重量比值(Km)的影響，得到最佳Km=1:1、3:2、2:1下佔有相圖最大的微乳相區域面積。選用最佳Km在不同混合界面活性劑比油的比例，繪製在25℃的假三元相圖可推估微乳液所佔的面積大小。使用電導法和染色法鑑別微乳液結構，電導法可測量電導度對含水量的曲線變化，將整個微乳液單相區區分成油包水(W/O)型微乳液、雙連續相(B.C.)型微乳液、水包油(O/W)型微乳液，染色法可同時滴加紅色油性墨水和水溶性染料甲基藍在不同類型微乳液中，比較擴散速度快慢。應用假三元相圖之各組成區域可作為選擇最佳微乳液之配方，且需要結合穩定度的觀察來確定形成微乳液的最佳條件，先由相圖之各組成區域選擇適合的配方，再測量粒徑大小、體積、pH值與溫度變化和表面張力來獲得微乳液穩定度分析結果。
實驗結果顯示經過15天內變化情況，可得到O/W型微乳液之平均粒徑在10~30nm，而pH值範圍為5.16~5.98，體積之變化穩定度順序為Km=3：2 >Km=2：1>Km=1：1，溫度變化中Km=1：1和3：2不會發生相轉變溫度(PIT)，其中Km=2：1判斷出微乳液之相轉變溫度為40℃，表面張力約為30 mN/m。

Microemulsions are clear or translucent, isotropic and low-viscosity, and thermodynamically stable dispersion systems which are spontaneously generated from an appropriate ratio of water, oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. Moreover, microemulsions have great potential in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic field due to the advantageous application in storage, transport, packaging and physics.
After a series of screening tests, isopropyl myristate (IPM) was selected as an oil phase, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) as a surfactant, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a cosurfactant and water as an immiscible phase of the microemulsions. The compositions of microemulsoins were prepared by titration methods. Firstly, optimal formulations of microemulsions at the largest water solubility for different weight ratio (Km) of Tween 80 and isopropyl alcohol were explored and the largest compostion area of microemulsions was acquired at respective values of Km = 1:1, 3:2 and 2:1 through the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams at 25°C. Second, both the conductivity method and dyeing method were adopted to distinguish the biphasic behavior of microemulsions. Conductivity method was used to measure the conductivity of the various weight fractions of the aqueous phase and then categorize the biphasic region of microemulsions into three types of water-in-oil (W/O), bicontinuous (B.C.) and oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions. Furthermore, dyeing method involved simultaneously adding droplets of oil-soluble red ink and water-soluble methylene blue in different types of microemulsions to compare the dispersion rates of dyes. Subsequently, the optimal formulation of microemulsions was verified by selection of the appropriate compositions of microemulsions within pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and by observation of its biphasic stability. Besides, the long-term experimental stability of microemulsions of the optimal formulations selected from the diagram were investigated through the measurements of parameters like particle size, volume, pH value and surface tension as a function of time at various temperatures.
By observing the changes in stability testing parameters for 15 days, experimental results revealed that average particle size of O/W microemulsions was 10~30nm and the pH value range was 5.16~5.98. Changes of volume for three types of microemulsions indicated that the biphasic stabilities for 15 days decreased in the oder as Km=3：2 >Km=2：1>Km=1：1. As the temperature changed, phase inversion temperature (PIT) for microemulsions prepared with Km=2:1 was 40°C, and its surface tension at 25°C was about 30 mN/m. However, PIT did not occur for microemulsions prepared with Km=1:1 and 3:2.

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 - 1 -
1.1研究動機 - 1 -
1.2 研究目的 - 2 -
第二章 文獻回顧 - 3 -
2.1界面活性劑之性質 - 3 -
2.1.1 界面活性劑之分類 - 3 -
2.1.2 微胞與逆微胞 - 5 -
2.1.3界面活性劑之選用方法 - 7 -
2.2乳液之性質 - 9 -
2.2.1乳液之種類及特性 - 9 -
2.2.2奈米乳液和微乳液的差異 - 10 -
2.3微乳液的簡介 - 12 -
2.3.1微乳液之分類 - 12 -
2.3.2微乳液之熱力學穩定性 - 16 -
2.3.3微乳液之應用 - 16 -
2.4 微乳液形成、結構、影響 - 17 -
2.4.1微乳液形成的原理 - 17 -
2.4.2結構理論 - 18 -
2.4.3助界面活性劑對微乳液之影響 - 19 -
2.5 微乳液性質之量測與相圖 - 20 -
2.5.1 光散射 - 20 -
2.5.2 電導度 - 21 -
2.5.3 相圖 - 24 -
2.5.4 流變學 - 25 -
第三章 實驗儀器器材、藥品與方法 - 26 -
3.1 實驗儀器及操作 - 26 -
3.2 實驗藥品及其結構式 - 28 -
3.2.1藥品 - 28 -
3.2.2結構式及其簡介 - 28 -
3.3 實驗方法與步驟 - 30 -
3.3.1 微乳液的製備與配方組成 - 31 -
3.3.2微乳液的穩定度分析 - 32 -
第四章 實驗結果與討論 - 34 -
4.1 微乳液的相行為 - 34 -
4.1.1篩選界面活性劑和助界面活性劑 - 34 -
4.1.2選擇最佳Km - 34 -
4.1.3繪製假三元相圖 - 36 -
4.2鑑別微乳液類型 - 38 -
4.2.1 電導度法鑑別微乳液類型 - 38 -
4.2.2以染色法鑑別微乳液類型 - 46 -
4.3 微乳液的穩定度分析 - 47 -
4.3.1 粒徑大小變化 - 47 -
4.3.2 pH值變化 - 49 -
4.3.3 體積變化 - 51 -
4.3.4 溫度變化 - 53 -
4.3.5 表面張力 - 54 -
第五章 結論與建議 - 55 -
5.1 結論 - 55 -
5.2 建議 - 56 -
參考文獻 - 57 -
附錄A - 60 -

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