臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要針對混摻環氧樹脂、竹粉之塑木複合材料(wood plastic composite, WPC)機械性質與相容性作探討，導入聚氨酯樹脂達增韌效果以改善耐衝擊性，並添加無鹵素阻燃劑使其達到阻燃效果。首先以熱示差分析(DSC)儀與流變儀分析交聯反應速度(curing rate)及加工條件，再以三點彎曲試驗、埃佐德衝擊試驗、落球衝擊試驗、潛變試驗、動態黏彈性性質(dynamics property)、形態學(morphology)、燃燒試驗等作一系列探討。從這些試驗獲得以下結論：
研究結果顯示環氧樹脂/竹粉塑木複合材料可以增加彎曲模數，有助於降低潛變性質，在竹粉添加100phr時，彎曲模數與樹脂分散性達最佳效果。環氧樹脂/聚氨酯/竹粉塑木複合材料主要改善衝擊強度，以聚氨酯20phr時衝擊強度提升最為明顯，而增韌導致彎曲模數降低以潛變試驗做一耐用性評估，在荷重100 Kgf以下無明顯潛變行為。阻燃劑導入塑木複合材料增加耐燃及阻燃效果，以添加20phr可達到UL94-V0效果為最適配方。
在動態黏彈性質分析上分為三部分(1)竹粉效應：竹粉摻入環氧樹脂阻礙交聯反應，交聯密度與交聯點的下降導致環氧樹脂Tα往低溫移動(2)聚氨酯(未添加竹粉)效應：環氧樹脂與聚氨酯樹脂混摻後，環氧樹脂Tα往低溫移動及聚氨酯Tα往高溫移動，意味著兩者之間形成網狀互穿結構(Interpenetrate network)(3)聚氨酯效應(添加竹粉)：隨聚氨酯樹脂比例增加(20phr以下)可提高環氧樹脂Tα，代表聚氨酯能夠有效提升環氧樹脂與竹纖維相容性。

In this study, we focus the research on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite (WPC) and miscible of epoxy resin and bamboo flour blending. In addition, the introduction of polyurethane toughens the WPC to improve the impact resistance, and addition of halogen-free flame retardant results in fire resistant. First of all, the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and rheometer were utilized for analyzing the curing rate and process conditions.Moreover, we empolyed three point bening test,izod test, falling ball test,creep test,dynamics properties,morphology and combusion test for the composites,and the following results were obtained.
As the result, bamboo fiber can enhance the flexural modulus and lower the creep behavior. The flexural modulus and resin dispersiblity reach the optimum as the content of bamboo powder is 100phr.
The purpose of epoxy/polyurethane/bamboo powder composite is to improve the impact resistance, and addition of 20phr PU content has obvious improvement. Toughness lead to lower flexural stress and modulus, the creep test was used for durability evaluation. However, no obvious creep behavior under 100 Kgf was observed. The retardant effect can reach the UL94-V0 grade after adding 20 phr flame retardant.
The dynamics properties divided into three parts: (1) filler effect (epoxy/bamboo powder composite) : bamboo powder hinder the curing reaction. The decrease of cross-linking density and pot can lead Tg to move to lower temperature. (2) PU content (epoxy/PU composite): The cured epoxy and PU blending result in higher PU Tg temperature and lower epoxy Tg temperature, which means the Interpenetrate network structure formed in the composite. (3)PU content (epoxy/PU/bamboo powder composite): As increasing PU content, the higher epoxy Tg temperature was obtained. The results represent that the miscible of epoxy and bamboo powder can be enhanced effectively due to PU addition.

目錄
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 4
1.2.1 什麼是塑木? 4
1.2.2 植物纖維 5
1.2.3 熱固性塑木複合材料 6
1.2.4 熱塑性塑木材料 9
1.2.5 環氧樹脂的增韌 13
1.2.6 燃燒 15
1.2.7 阻燃劑 18
1.3 實驗架構 30
1.4 加工過程與條件 31
第2章 實驗 32
2.1 實驗材料 32
2.2 塑木(WPC)試片製備 33
2.3 測定與分析 33
2.3.1 硬化行為分析 33
2.3.2 塑木力學與物性測試 34
2.3.3 相容性與分子間作用力分析 38
2.3.4 阻燃與物性測試 38
2.3.5 形態觀察 40
第3章 結果與討論 43
3.1 硬化行為之探討 43
3.2 環氧樹脂/竹粉複合材料(EB Composite)機械性質探討 44
3.2.1 竹粉之前處理 44
3.2.2 三點彎曲試驗 45
3.3 環氧樹脂/竹粉/聚氨酯複合材料(EBP Composite)機械性質探討 45
3.3.1 三點彎曲試驗 45
3.3.2 擺錘衝擊試驗(Izod Test) 46
3.3.3 落球衝擊試驗 47
3.3.4 潛變實驗 47
3.3.5 型態觀察 48
3.4 分子與分子間作用力(Molecular Interaction) 49
3.4.1 竹纖維混摻效應 49
3.4.2 環氧樹脂與聚氨酯混摻效應 50
3.4.3 聚氨酯於WBP複合材料之效應 51
3.5 阻燃 52
3.5.1 阻燃效果 52
3.5.2 三點彎曲測試 53
第4章 總結論 73

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