臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來台灣高等教育持續擴張，教育與職業不相稱的情況也逐漸浮上檯面。本文使用台灣高等教育資料庫的數據資料，探討教育與職業不相稱對工作滿意度的影響。不同於現存的多數文獻，認為教育與職業上相關的利益不只是更高的報酬，更擴及到非貨幣面的工作滿意度。

本文綜合單變數機率單元模型與雙變數機率單元模型兩個模型，估計潛在無法觀察的異質性；除此之外，從大材小用與學非所用的兩個觀點，透過垂直與水平的角度來綜合分析對工作滿意度的影響。

研究結果顯示：
一、發現大材小用、學非所用與工作滿意度之間都呈現顯著的負向關係。換言之，過度教育者對其目前工作有能力剩餘的情況，因此擁有較低的工作滿意度。

二、在個人特性與工作屬性變數上，公立大學畢業生、服務於公家機關、從事管理及高級專業類與一般專業類、畢業平均成績達80分以上、對就讀科系感到滿意與母親教育程度在專科或大學以上，都會降低成為大材小用、學非所用的機率。

三、單變數機率單元模型有一個潛在問題-會產生估計偏誤，則在過度教育與工作滿意度間無法觀察到的屬性，則會發生重疊，而雙變數機率單元模型針對此問題提供了解決的方法。

四、學非所用對勞動者的工作滿意度亦具有顯著的影響。因此，若只從垂直面的角度去探討教育與職業不相稱對工作滿意度的影響，顯然稍嫌不足。

Recently Taiwan high education continuing expand and mismatch between education and occupation appear gradually. We utilize the Taiwanese Higher Education Database to search the job satisfaction influencing of mismatch between education and occupation. In a departure from much of the existing literature, we think the relative benefits between education and occupation not only getting more wage, but also expend to the non-monetary job satisfaction.

In the thesis, we use both univariate and biveriate probit models to account for potential unobserved heterogeneity. Furthermore, we combine two aspects of university graduates’ talent wasted on a petty job and they don’t do well what they have learned to analyze the vertical and horizontal influence on job satisfaction.

Conclusions:
1、University graduates’ talent wasted on a petty job or they don’t do well what they have learned result of negative impact in the job satisfaction. On the other words, surplus education is negatively related to job satisfaction.

2、In the individual and work variable, we find employee graduate from public collage, work in public services, working about managerial and high professional and normal professional occupation, graduation average score arrive eighty, be satisfied at majoring in course and their mothers graduate from collage or university will reduce the possibility to be overeducation employee.

3、There is potential for the univariate probit method to produce biased estimates, if as we suspect, an overlap exists between unobserved characteristics that determine both overeducation and job satisfaction. The bivariate approach offers a solution to this problem.

4、University graduates’ don’t do well what they have learned will have significant influence on job satisfaction. Therefore, it’s not complete to discuss about the influence of mismatch between education and occupation on job satisfaction through the vertical aspect merely.

第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究動機…………………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究方法…………………………………………………………… 3
第三節 本文結構…………………………………………………………… 4
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………… 6
第一節 引言………………………………………………………………… 6
第二節 過度教育的測量方法……………………………………………… 8
第三節 過度教育對薪資影響之相關理論………………………………… 10
第四節 實證結果…………………………………………………………… 14
第三章 研究方法……………………………………………………………… 18
第一節 二元反應模型……………………………………………………… 18
第二節 雙變數機率單元模型……………………………………………… 23
第三節 最大概似估計法…………………………………………………… 25
第四章 實證結果分析………………………………………………………… 27
第一節 資料庫說明………………………………………………………… 27
第二節 變數說明…………………………………………………………… 29
第三節 卡方檢定結果分析………………………………………………… 33
第四節 大材小用對工作滿意度的影響…………………………………… 38
第五節 學非所用對工作滿意度的影響…………………………………… 41
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………………… 44
第一節 結論………………………………………………………………… 44
第二節 檢討與建議………………………………………………………… 45
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………… 48
附錄………………………………………………………………………………… 49

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