臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：探討男生及女生從七到十二年級之運動發展軌跡類型及相關因素。方法：從兒童及青少年行為之長期發展研究 (簡稱CABLE) 資料庫中，選取2001年就讀四年級之世代，共1662人為研究樣本，使用研究樣本從七年級起連續六年間填答之資料，進行次級資料分析。統計方法為重複量數潛在類別分析及多項名義邏輯廻歸模型。結果：男生從七至十二年級有運動的比率歷年皆顯著高於女生，且男、女有運動之比率皆呈現逐年下降趨勢，男生在高中時顯著下降，女生則在國中時就顯著下降。六年間之運動發展軌跡類型，男生可分為三類：持續高組 (47.76%)、由高變低組 (22.29%)、持續低組 (29.95%)；女生也可分為三類：持續高組 (24.20%)、由高變低組 (22.73%)、持續低組 (53.07%)。與男生之運動發展軌跡類型相關的因素有身體意象、自覺健康、課業壓力及父母婚姻狀態；與女生之運動發展軌跡類型相關的因素為父親教育程度。結論：女生在七至十二年級有運動的比率偏低且下降迅速，值得注意，運動的預防介入應提前至小學開始。學生從七至十二年級之運動情形，有不同的發展軌跡類型，故應針對不同類型之次族群開發不同的運動策略。從運動發展軌跡類型來看，男生之身體意象滿意度低、自覺健康程度低、課業壓力高者，較易成為「持續低組」，所以應多注意並及早培養該群學生的運動習慣。

Objectives: To investigate the patterns and relative factors of developmental trajectory of exercise for boys and girls from 7th to 12th grade. Methods: Dataset from Child and Adolescent Behavior in Long-term Evolution (CABLE) project was used for secondary analysis. Total of 1,662 students followed up from 7th to 12th grade (from 2004 to 2009) were included. Repeated-measures latent class analysis and multinomial logit model were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Boys had significantly higher exercise rate than girls from 7th to 12th grade. The boys’ exercise rate decreased significantly starting from senior high school, while the girls’ exercise rate decreased significantly earlier than boys’. The three-latent-class model had been selected for both boys and girls. There were three trajectory patterns of exercise for boys: persistent high (47.76%), high to low (22.29%), and persistent low (29.95%). There were also three trajectory patterns of exercise for girls: persistent high (24.20%), high to low (22.73%), and persistent low (53.07%). Developmental trajectory patterns of exercise of boys were significantly associated with body image, self-perceived health, academic pressure and parental marital status. Developmental trajectory patterns of exercise of girls were significantly associated with father’s education. Conclusions: The girls’ exercise rate is low from 7th to 12th grade and declines rapidly. Prevention and intervention should be initiated early in elementary school. It is necessary to develop different exercise promotion strategies for different trajectory subgroups. Boys who have low body image satisfaction, low self-perceived health level, and high academic pressure would incline to “persistent low” group. As a result, we should encourage the boys to cultivate exercise habit.

口試委員會審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 運動的定義 4
第二節 青少年從事運動之情形 7
第三節 青少年從事運動之相關因素 12
第四節 生態模式在健康行為的應用 16
第五節 發展軌跡分析在健康行為之應用 18
第三章 研究方法 22
第一節 研究架構 22
第二節 研究樣本 24
第三節 研究變項 26
第四節 統計分析 33
第四章 結果 34
第一節 研究樣本個人因素及家庭因素之分布 34
第二節 研究樣本從七至十二年級運動之比率及歷年趨勢 37
第三節 研究樣本之運動發展軌跡類型及相關因素 40
第五章 討論 57
第一節 男生及女生之運動比率、發展軌跡類型及其差異 57
第二節 影響學生從七至十二年級之運動發展軌跡類型的相關因素 60
第三節 研究限制 62
第六章 結論與建議 63
第一節 結論 63
第二節 建議 66
參考文獻 69
附錄：2004年CABLE問卷 75

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