臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電鍍業與泥水業皆為六價鉻暴露最具代表性的行業，如何預防這些行業作業勞工長期六價鉻暴露，以減低六價鉻暴露危害發生是職業衛生重要課題。由於皮膚六價鉻暴露是主要暴露途徑之一，本研究以手部塗抹含維生素C護手霜對減少電鍍業與泥水業作業勞工六價鉻暴露的有效性進行探討。本研究一共選定泥水業六價鉻暴露作業勞工41名與電鍍業六價鉻暴露作業勞工7名，要求作業勞工每天上工前及工作中，於手部塗抹含有維生素C的護手霜，每天塗抹6次，連續塗抹5個工作天；並於這些勞工在塗抹含有維生素C的護手霜前、中、後連續10天的工作期間，收集作業勞工每天上工前和下工後的尿液樣本，勞工未或停止塗抹含有維生素C護手霜的2~3個工作天，上工前和下工後的尿液樣本也被收集，以作為比較。勞工工作現場空氣樣本亦進行採集，在勞工開始塗抹護手霜前的2~3個工作天，進行手部皮膚樣本採集，以評估手部六價鉻暴露。樣本分析分別以分光光度計(ultra violet-visible spectroscopy, UV/Vis)測定皮膚樣本六價鉻含量，原子吸收光譜儀(atomic absorption spectrometer, AA)測定尿液樣本總鉻含量。結果顯示：從測定電鍍業和泥水業作業勞工手部連續多天塗抹含維生素C護手霜後，其尿液總鉻含量變化情形，顯示勞工手部塗抹含維生素C護手霜有降低勞工皮膚六價鉻吸收的趨勢，對於減少勞工六價鉻暴露有防護效果。無論如何，當身體六價鉻累積劑量不高且僅遭受低濃度暴露時，其降低勞工尿液中總鉻濃度的防護效果會趨於不明顯。由於本研究樣本數不多且勞工六價鉻暴露濃度並不高，欲確認上述的結論其效力仍不足，以手部塗抹含維生素C護手霜對減少作業勞工六價鉻暴露需要更多研究。

Electric plating and construction industries are the representative professions of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) exposure. How to prevent the workers in these industries from health hazards due to Cr6+ exposure is an important issue of occupational health. Because dermal exposure is one of the main route of Cr6+ exposure, the objective of this study is to explore the effectiveness of usage of hand cream with vitamin C on the reduction of Cr6+ exposure for the workers. Ten workers were recruited from an electroplating plant and a construction workplace in the study. Each worker was asked to apply the hand cream before and during the work on every day for five consecutive days. Normally a worker applied the hand cream about six times on a workday. The urine samples of the workers were collected before, during and after the work shifts in five consecutive days. In order to make a comparison, the urine samples of the workers without using the hand cream on other workdays were also collected before and after the work shifts for 2~3 days. Air samples were taken in the workplaces to measure airborne exposure. Skin wiping samples were also taken on 2~3 days before the workers using the hand cream to assess the workers’ hands exposure to Cr6+. The amount of Cr6+ of the skin wiping samples were analyzed by ultra violet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis). The concentration of total chromium of the urine samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer (AA). Based on the measurements of the total chromium in the urine samples from the workers with Cr6+ exposure who used the hand cream with vitamin C on about ten continuous days in the electroplating plant and the construction workplace, the concentration change of the total chromium in the urine samples showed that the hand cream with vitamin C tended to reduce the skin absorption of Cr6+ and had the effectiveness of protection from Cr6+ exposure. However, when a worker did not have a high cumulative dose of Cr6+ and only had a low concentration exposure to Cr6+, the effectiveness of total chromium reduction became not significant. Because the sample sizes of this study was small and the exposure concentration of Cr6+ was not high enough, the power of the study results was not sufficient. More research on the reduction of Cr6+ exposure for the workers using the hand cream with vitamin C will be necessary.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
. 第一章 前言 1
. 第二章 文獻探討 2
2-1六價鉻的物化特性 2
2-2六價鉻的容許暴露濃度 2
2-3六價鉻的毒性與生理反應 3
2-4電鍍業與泥水業勞工六價鉻暴露 3
2-5 六價鉻暴露控制方法 5
2-6六價鉻與維生素C 6
. 第三章 研究目的 7
. 第四章 材料與方法 8
4-1 研究流程 8
4-1-1 採樣策略 8
4-2 六價鉻暴露控制試驗 9
4-2-1 六價鉻水溶液添加維生素C水溶液試驗 9
4-2-2 含維生素C護手霜塗抹方式 9
4-3 樣本採集 10
4-3-1 尿液樣本採集 10
4-3-2 空氣樣本採集 10
4-3-3 皮膚樣本採集 11
4-4 材料與儀器 13
4-4-1 使用藥品 13
4-4-2 材料 13
4-4-3 儀器 14
4-5 樣本分析 15
4-5-1 六價鉻水溶液與維生素C水溶液混合實驗分析 15
4-5-2 尿液樣本分析 16
4-5-3 空氣樣本與皮膚樣本分析 16
4-6 樣本品保品管與分析處理 17
4-6-1 標準品檢量線製作 17
4-6-2 偵測極限(Limit of Detection, LOD) 21
4-6-3 分析樣本品管 22
4-6-4 儀器再現性 22
4-6-5 空白分析 23
4-6-7 採樣泵浦 23
4-6-8資料分析 23
. 第五章 結果與討論 24
5-1六價鉻水溶液與維生素C水溶液混合實驗 24
5-2泥水業勞工六價鉻暴露測定控制 25
5-3電鍍業勞工六價鉻暴露測定控制 31
5-4電鍍業現場空氣濃度 38
5-5電鍍業勞工手部皮膚表面濃度 41
5-6電鍍業勞工配戴口罩防護效果測試 42
5-7電鍍業作業現場空氣六價鉻濃度與勞工尿液總鉻濃度比較 44
. 第六章 結論與建議 46
. 參考文獻 47

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