臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣閩南語招呼語之語言行為
學生: 王立夫 指導教授：吳睿純博士
摘 要
本論文主旨為檢視臺灣閩南語招呼語之語言行為，藉觀察、記錄和分析苗栗竹南公園、市場和住宅區內語言社群的真實生活招呼語；進而從語言的、心理的和社會的面向闡釋之，以發覺：
一、 那些臺灣閩南語招呼語是比較常被使用？
二、 語言行為如何傳遞於招呼與被招呼者間？
三、 為什麼它們不能被孤立於語用情境之外？
以此三種面向〈語言的、心理的和社會的〉，我們或許能由細微而宏觀的透過鄰近頻譜以檢視臺灣閩南語招呼語之語言行為：
一、 語言面向聚焦於語言行為，象徵細微的視野。
二、 心理面向聚焦於人際互動，採取寬廣的視野。
三、 社會面向聚焦於社交互動，反映宏觀的視野。
仔細檢視發現，我們或許能識別並指出：
一、 稱謂或暱稱、招呼慣用語、肢體語言及可聽辨的聲音在招呼語中扮演多數角色，相似於Schleicher (1997) 所提出之分析。
二、 它們反映Goffman (1971) 所作三項歸納〈重建社會關係、承認差別社會地位和履行安全溝通保證〉以闡釋招呼行為。
三、 它們符合Schegloff和Sacks (1973) 引薦毗鄰對以做為會話分析之部，以及Richards和Schmidt (1983) 所界定相互招呼毗鄰對為封閉的、刻板的及易辨識的會話對。
結果證明臺灣閩南語招呼語之語言行為確切反映個人之語言的、心理的及社會的特質。

Speech Act in Greeting of Taiwan Southern Min
Student: Lee-Fu Wang Advisor: Dr. Jui-Chun Wu
The Graduate Institute of Foreign Languages and Literatures
Hsuan Chuang University

ABSTRACT

This thesis aims to examine speech act in greeting of Taiwan Southern Min (TSM), by observing, recording, and analyzing the real life greeting expressions among the language community at the park, the market, and the residence in Jhunan, Miaoli in order to achieve the target analyzing quantity—one hundred entities per setting, and then to interpret them from linguistic, psychological, and social perspectives, so as to find out:
A. What greeting expressions in TSM are more frequently being used?
B. How speech acts are being conveyed between the greeter and the greetee?
C. Why they can not be isolated from the context of use?
With these three phases (linguistic, psychological, and social) we may examine greeting as speech act in Taiwan Southern Min (TSM) across a spectrum of proximity from micro to macro:
A. Linguistic phase focuses on linguistic behavior, which represents the micro view.
B. Psychological phase focuses on interpersonal interaction, which takes the larger view.
C. Social phase focuses on social interaction, which reflects the macro view.
Taking a close look at the findings, we may recognize and indicate that:
A. The use of prefixes/nick names, conventional greetings, body language, and auditory sounds play a larger role in greeting exchanges that are similar to the analysis proposed by Schleicher (1997).
B. They reflect three generalizations (to reestablish social relations, to acknowledge a differential allocation of status, and to perform guarantee for safe passage) in interpreting greeting behavior which Goffman made (1971).
C. They correspond to Schegloff and Sacks (1973) introducing adjacency pairs as a part of conversational analysis (CA), Richards and Schmidt (1983) defining Greeting-Greeting adjacency pairs as closed, formulaic, and easily learned sets.
The results prove that speech act in greeting of TSM does exactly reflect one’s linguistic, psychological, and social characteristics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHINESE ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………… i
ENGLISH ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………… ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………………… iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………… v
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Background and Motivation ………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Purpose of the Study ………………………………………………………… 5
1.3 Organization of the Thesis ……………………………………………… 7
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………………………… 9
2.1 Speech Act Theory ………………………………………………………… 10
2.1.1 The Central Source of Speech Act Theory ……………… 10
2.1.2 The Pragmatic Notion of Speech Act Theory …………… 14
2.2 Greeting as Speech Act ………………………………………………… 18
2.2.1 The Linguistic Perspective of Greeting ……………… 19
2.2.2 The Psychological Perspective of Greeting …………… 20
2.2.3 The Social Perspective of Greeting ……………………… 21
2.3 Some Previous Studies on Greeting ………………………………… 23
CHAPTERT THREE RESEARCH METHOD …………………………………………………… 26
3.1 Subject …………………………………………………………………………… 27
3.2 Setting …………………………………………………………………………… 28
3.3 Procedure ……………………………………………………………………… 29
3.4 Data Collection ……………………………………………………………… 31
3.5 Data Analysis ………………………………………………………………… 32
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………… 34
4.1 Greeting Expressions ……………………………………………………… 36
4.2 Interactive Structures ………………………………………………… 40
4.3 Passing and Engaging Greetings ……………………………………… 43
4.4 Setting Differences ……………………………………………………… 45
4.4.1 The Distribution of Greeting Expressions……………… 46
4.4.2 The Distribution of Interactive Structures ………… 50
4.4.3 The Distribution of Passing and Engaging Greetings 51
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………… 54
5.1 Summary ………………………………………………………………………… 54
5.2 Implications and Suggestions ………………………………………… 60
5.3 Limitations of the Study ……………………………………………… 61
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………… 63
APPENDIXES ………………………………………………………………………………… 66
APPENDIX 1: The Greeting Expressions in TSM Collected at the Park 66
APPENDIX 2: The Greeting Expressions in TSM Collected at the Market73
APPENDIX 3: The Greeting Expressions in TSM Collected at the Residence …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 82
APPENDIX 4: The Questionnaire for the Greeter and the Greeted …… 90
APPENDIX 5: Abbreviations and Conventions …………………………………… 91
APPENDIX 6: Phonetogram for Taiwanese Voice ………………………………… 92
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: The Distinction of Speech Act Made by Austin and Searle 12
Table 2.2: The Gricean Maxims ……………………………………………………… 13
Table 3.1: The Schedule of Data Collection ………………………………… 32
Table 4.1a: The Frequency of the Greeting Expressions in TSM Used by the Greeter ………………………………………………………………………………… 37
Table 4.1b: The Frequency of the Responses in TSM Made by the Greeted ……………………………………………………………………………………… 38
Table 4.4.1: The Distribution of Greeting Expressions Used by the Greeter ……………………………………………………………………………………… 47
Table 5.1: The Social Dimensions of Different Settings ……………… 59
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 4.2: The Interactive Structures of Greeting Expressions … 42
Diagram 4.3: The Distribution of Passing and Engaging Greetings … 44
Diagram 4.4.2: The Distribution of Interactive Structures …………… 50
Diagram 4.4.3: The Distribution of Passing and Engaging Greetings 52

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