臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在本篇研究中，我們利用Fe3O4 NPs的表面會與鄰苯二酚 (catechol) 官能基形成共價鍵結，對人體中三種兒茶多酚胺分子 (catecholamines) 進行選擇性的濃縮萃取，並結合毛細管電泳進行分離與偵測。三種 catecholamines 分別是 : 多巴胺 (dopamine , DA)、腎上腺素 (adrenaline , E)、正腎上腺素 (noradrenaline , NE)。首先為了得到最佳化的萃取效率，我們先對環境中的 pH 做探討，在 pH = 7.0 的環境下，Fe3O4 NPs會與兒茶多酚胺分子有著良好的靜電吸引力，能夠有效的增加萃取效率以及減少萃取時間。其次，在毛細管管壁上塗覆 1.2 % PDDAC，PDDAC與分析物帶有相同的電荷，靠著靜電排斥力能夠有效的防止分析物吸附在毛細管管壁。最後，在最佳化的條件下。三種 catecholamines 的偵測極限可以降到 8 – 10 nM 。另外在在真實樣品中，尿液以及馬齒牡丹科的葉子，都能藉由PBA monospin 的過濾膜幫忙下，成功的偵測到尿液中以及馬齒牡丹葉子的 DA、NE 的含量。

This study examines the use of unmodified magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) for selective extraction and enrichment of the catecholamines dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NE), and adrenaline (E), prior to analysis using capillary electrophoresis with UV detection. Coordination between Fe3+ on-the-surface Fe3O4 NPs and the catechol moiety of catecholamines enables Fe3O4 NPs to capture catecholamines from an aqueous solution. We obtained maximum loading of catecholamines on the NP surface by adjusting the pH of the solution to 7.0. In addition, catecholamine loading on the Fe3O4 NPs increased in conjunction with NP concentrations. Ligand exchange found H3PO4 to be efficient in the removal of adsorbed catecholamines on the NP surface. Adding 1.2% poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) to the background electrolyte caused efficient separation of the liberated catecholamines with baseline resolution within 20 min. Under optimal extraction and separation conditions, the limit of detections at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 for E, NE, and DA were 9 nM, 8 nM, and 10 nM, respectively. Significantly, we successfully used the combination of a phenylboronate-containing spin column and the proposed method to determine the concentrations of NE and DA in urine and the content of NE in Portulaca oleracea L. leaves.

目錄

口試委員會審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iv
ABSTRACT v
目錄 vii
圖次 ix
表目錄 xi
第一章、 緒論 1
壹、 毛細管電泳 1
一、 毛細管電泳簡介 1
二、 毛細管電泳分離之發展史 1
三、 生物樣品於毛細管電泳之應用 3
四、 毛細管電泳常用之模式 3
五、 減少分析物吸附於毛細管之方法 7
六、 線上預濃縮 ( on-line preconcentration ) 的方法 8
貳、 磁性奈米粒子 12
一、 磁性奈米粒子的磁性簡介 12
二、 超順磁性 13
三、 磁性奈米粒子的製備方法 14
四、 磁性奈米粒子的磁滯曲線 16
五、 磁性奈米粒子在生物醫學上的應用 17
實驗動機 20
參考文獻 21
第二章、 磁性奈米粒子結合毛細管電泳檢測生物樣品中兒茶多酚胺的含量 27
壹、 前言 27
貳、 藥品與方法 31
一、 藥品 31
二、 藥品製備 32
三、 儀器裝置 34
四、 兒茶多酚胺 ( catecholamines ) 的萃取流程 36
五、 尿液及馬齒牡丹科植物葉子的兒茶多酚胺類的萃取流程 36
參、 實驗結果與討論 38
一、 選擇性的探討 38
二、 Fe3O4 表面元素探討 40
三、 毛細管電泳分離參數最佳化條件 41
四、 萃取參數的最佳化條件 45
五、 放大倍率以及萃取效率 50
六、 再現性及定量 52
七、 真實樣品 54
肆、 結論 61
參考文獻 62
圖次

圖 1. 壓力驅動與電滲流驅動分離的差別。 5
圖 2. 微胞電動層析法 (MEKC) 的示意圖。 6
圖 3. 毛細管電泳掃集法 (Sweeping –MEKC) 的示意圖。 10
圖 4. 鐵磁性材料的磁滯曲線示意圖 16
圖 5. 以Fe3O4 為探針來萃取樣品中兒茶多酚類化合物 (catecholamines) 的示意圖 30
圖 6. 兒茶多酚胺類 (catecholamines) 的結構與分子式。 31
圖 7 . 以共沉澱合成法所合成出的四氧化三鐵奈米粒子之 TEM 照影圖。 33
圖 8. 毛細管電泳裝置圖。 35
圖 9. 比較三種苯二酚的同分異構物分別以 (125 μL 12 mg ml-1) Fe3O4 NPs 萃取，並且釋放在10μL 0.1M H3PO4 溶液中。(a)萃取前 (b)萃取後的1mL 1mM 的(A) 鄰苯二酚(catechol)，(B) 間苯二酚 (resorcinol) 以及 (C) 對苯二酚 (hydroquinone)。 39
圖 10. Fe3O4 NPs 的 XPS 光譜圖。 40
圖 11. 三種catecholamines在不同 pH 的分離緩衝溶液進行分離，(A) pH = 3.0、(B) pH = 4.0、(C) pH = 5.0、(D) pH = 6.0。 43
圖 12. 分離緩衝溶液中所添加的 PDDAC 濃度對分離三種 catecholamines 的影響。 (A) 0.4 %、(B) 0.8 %、(C) 1.2 % v/v。 44
圖 13. 探討 (A)萃取時溶液的pH值與 (B) Fe3O4 NPs 的體積對三種 catecholamines 萃取效率的影響。 47
圖 14. Fe3O4 NPs 與三種 catecholamines 反應時間對萃取效率的影響。 48
圖 15. H3PO4 濃度對釋放效率的影響。 48
圖 16. 以 0.1 M H3PO4 當作釋放試劑與 catecholamines-adsorbed Fe3O4 NPs 反應之時間探討。 49
圖 17. 以不同種的的強酸做為釋放試劑進行釋放。 49
圖 18. 在最佳化條件下分離三種catecholamine，並比較 (A) 萃取前以及 (B) 萃取後的差別。 51
圖 19. 尿液樣品中三種 catecholamines 的分析 56
圖 20. 分析馬齒牡丹科植物 (Portulaca oleracea L.) 葉子中所含的 catecholamines 的含量. 59
圖 21. 以PBA monospin 與 Fe3O4 NPs 萃取後的香椿茶樣品中所測得的茶多酚化合物。 60

表目錄

表 1. 三種兒茶多酚胺之定量分析結果 53
表 2. 尿液樣品及馬齒牡丹樣品中所含的兒茶多酚胺之定量結果 57

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