臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於資訊科技開放架構的長足發展，使得資料整合程度更加提升，例如：SAP或PeopleSoft等公司所提供之ERP系統，皆承諾可以達到貫穿企業之資訊整合。因此，當製造商面臨是否應接受一訂單之決策時，可使用較多資訊的可能性已大為提高，獲致較高品質之決策。這些資訊架構可以將客戶直接整合進訂單履行流程中，並允許貫穿供應鏈之前端與後端應用分享共同的觀點。實務上，當一客戶提出訂購要求時，即時可允諾量必須根據系統資源之可用性，評估是否能在客戶所指定之交期前交貨，藉以決定是否應接受該訂單。可能的系統資源包括：完成品庫存、在製品量、原物料庫存、生產排程、以及其他考量 (如成本) 等。如果根據系統資源之可用性，可允諾量估計無法在客戶所指定之交期前交貨，則製造商必須立即拒絕該訂單。本研究探討一典型的數位機上盒供應鏈，供應鏈成員包括：物料/零件供應商、製造商、與客戶。客戶訂單抵達之後，製造商根據可允諾量機制決定是否接受該訂單，如果是接受該訂單，則製造商會根據訂單之需求進行生產作業，並在客戶所指定的交期之前將完成品運送到客戶處。因此，製造商的生產模式是屬於 “訂貨生產或接單生產”，同時製造商採用需求預測方法來預測產品的需求，以作為生產規劃與存貨決策的基礎。本研究提出一個以模擬為基礎之研究架構，以探討各實驗變數 (包括：可允諾量機制、各種不確定性等) 對數位機上盒供應鏈之影響程度。本研究所採用的績效指標包括：總利潤、達交率、流程時間、與被拒絕訂單比率。本研究並以一個實際的數位機上盒供應鏈為例子，以示範所提出的研究架構。範例之分析結果顯示，一般而言，若以總利潤或被拒絕訂單比率為主要的績效指標，以可允諾量機制一 (代表較鬆條件) 表現較佳；若以達交率或流程時間為主要的績效指標，則以可允諾量機制二或三 (代表較嚴條件) 表現較佳。

The proliferation of open IT architectures has allowed for increased compatible data integration. For example, ERP systems from vendors such as SAP or PeopleSoft, Inc. promise information compatibility and consolidation across the enterprise. Thus, when order acceptance decisions are being made, there is the potential to consider a greater amount of information allowing for better decision making. These information architectures directly integrate the customer into the fulfillment process, and allow front-end and back-end applications to share a common view across the supply chain. In practice, real-time available-to-promise (ATP) suggests that when a customer request is initiated, ATP determines the availability of system resource based on the customer requested due date. The system resource includes finished goods inventory, work-in-process, raw materials inventory, production scheduling, as well as other considerations such as cost. When considering availability, if an entire order cannot be filled it is rejected from the system. This study chooses a typical digital set-top box (DSTB) supply chain that includes the following members: materials/parts suppliers, manufacturer, and customers. When a customer request is initiated, the manufacturer will decide if the order is accepted based on real-time ATP. If the order is accepted, the manufacturer will produce the required products based on the customer requested due date. The manufacturer is operated in the make to order environment and uses forecasting methods to forecast the demand for making planning and inventory decisions. This study proposes a simulation-based research structure to evaluate the impact of experimental variables (including ATP mechanism, various uncertainties, etc.) on the performance of the DSTB supply chain. The performance indexes used in the study include system cost, fill rate, flow time, and the ratio of rejected orders. Finally, a real DSTB supply chain is used to demonstrate the research structure. Based on the results of the example, ATPM1 (i.e., less constraints) performs better with respect to the measure of total profit or the ratio of rejected orders, while ATPM2 or ATPM3 (i.e., more constraints) performs better with respect to the measure of fill rate or flow time.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
誌 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究範圍與限制 4
1.4 研究步驟 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 可允諾量之介紹 6
2.1.1 可允諾量之簡介 6
2.1.2 可允諾量之功能 6
2.1.3 可允諾量之分類 7
2.2 可允諾量之相關文獻 8
2.3 本章結論 12
第三章 研究方法與架構 13
3.1 研究問題 13
3.2 研究架構 13
3.3 數位機上盒供應鏈 15
3.4 系統參數 20
3.5 實驗變數 21
3.6 績效指標 22
3.7 研究工具 23
第四章 範例分析 25
4.1 範例說明 25
4.2 系統參數之設定 25
4.3 實驗變數之設定 25
4.4 實驗設計與模擬相關議題 28
4.5 模擬結果及分析 29
4.5.1 總利潤 (TP) 29
4.5.2 達交率 (FR) 31
4.5.3 流程時間 (FT) 32
4.5.4 被拒絕訂單比率 (RRO) 33
4.5.5 可允諾量機制與其他實驗變數之交互作用 34
第五章 結論與建議 45
參考文獻 48
附錄 50
附錄A EXTEND模擬模式 50
附錄B EXTEND模擬模式之說明 61
附錄C 個案簡介 64
附錄D 模擬次數之計算程序 66
附錄E 模擬模式之驗證程序 68
附錄F 可允諾量機制與其他實驗變數之交互作用圖形 70
作者簡介 79

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