臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文之主要目的在研究風力-感應發電機系統之電壓調整器及頻率調整器。研究的方向著重於風力發電系統中的靜態同步補償器及葉片旋角的控制策略探討與控制器設計。
在以靜態同步補償器及葉片旋角調整感應發電機端電壓及機械功率時，本文除採用輸出迴授型線性二次式控制理論來進行控制器之設計外，亦以極點指定的方法來重新修正線性二次式之加權矩陣，以改善閉迴路系統的阻尼特性。此外，本論文亦提出一個雙座標軸轉換方法，將原來在耦合平面上的靜態同步補償器電流轉換至解耦合平面，以獲得靜態同步補償器實功及虛功的解耦合控制。再者，為了解決輸出迴授控制器穩態誤差的問題，本文將發電機匯流排電壓的偏移量及靜態同步補償器直流電壓的偏移量分別予以積分，並當作新的狀態變數。
在頻率控制方面，本論文由獨立運轉的感應發電機穩態分析結果得到一個重要的結論：在固定發電機端電壓時，發電機的定子頻率與轉速成正比。此結論將有助於使用調速機來精確控制發電機的輸出頻率。在本論文中，另外一個頻率控制策略採用發電機端電壓之相對相位角的變化率來觀察發電機輸出頻率的偏移量，進而達到頻率控制之目的。
為了進一步證明所提方法的有效性，除了以電腦模擬分析外，並以實體製作所獲得的實驗結果與模擬結果進行比較。在不同的干擾方式下，由系統的動態響應結果發現本文所提出的電壓及頻率調整器確實可以有效控制感應發電機之端電壓及頻率。

Voltage regulator and frequency regulator are designed for a wind turbine-induction generator system. Much effort has been placed on control strategy exploration and controller design of the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and the variable blade pitch in a wind energy conversion system (WECS).
An output feedback linear quadratic controller is designed for the STATCOM and the variable blade pitch in order to reach the voltage and mechanical power control. Then a systematic approach based on pole assignment technique is used to refine the weighting matrix for the linear quadratic controller such that satisfactory damping characteristic can be achieved for the closed-loop system. To attain the decoupled real and reactive power control loops for the output feedback controller, a two-reference-frame transformation is proposed to convert the STATCOM currents from the coupled d-q plane to another decoupled d-q plane. In addition, to ensure zero steady-state voltage errors for the output feedback controller, the integrals of generator bus voltage deviation and DC capacitor voltage deviation are employed as the additional state variables.
An important conclusion obtained from steady-state analysis results for an isolated induction generator is that the stator frequency is proportional to the rotating speed at constant stator voltage. The advantage is that, through the action of the speed governor, the stator frequency can be regulated precisely. Besides, in another frequency control strategy, the relative rotating speed measured by the rate of change of voltage phase angle at generator terminal, is used to estimate stator frequency.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, both time domain simulations and experiments are conducted. Dynamic response curves for the system subjected to various disturbances are presented. It is found that the proposed approaches can provide effective voltage and frequency control for induction generators.

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
符號表 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 ………………………………………………1
1-2 文獻回顧 ………………………………………………3
1-3 研究動機與目的 ………………………………………9
1-4 論文內容介紹 ………………………………………11
第二章 風力-感應發電機系統 15
2-1 前言 …………………………………………………15
2-2 風力發電原理 ………………………………………16
2-3 風速模型 ……………………………………………20
2-4 感應發電機系統 ……………………………………23
2-5 系統動態數學模型 …………………………………25
2-5-1 感應發電機模型 …………………………………25
2-5-2 靜態同步補償器模型 ……………………………28
2-5-3 輸電線、負載及並聯固定電容器模型 …………30
第三章 電壓調整器之設計 33
3-1前言 ……………………………………………………33
3-2電壓調整器設計 ………………………………………35
3-2-1 基本工作原理 ……………………………………36
3-2-2 雙座標軸轉換 ……………………………………39
3-2-3 輸出回授型線性二次式控制 ……………………41
3-3時域動態模擬結果 ……………………………………51
3-3-1 感應發電機與無限匯流排互聯運轉 ……………51
3-3-2 感應發電機獨立運轉 ……………………………56
3-4本章結論 ……………………………………………60
第四章 頻率調整器之設計 61
4-1 前言 … … … … … … … … … … …61
4-2 頻率調整器設計 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …61
4-2-1 基本工作原理 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …62
4-2-2 控制策略I:定電壓穩態法　　… … … … … … … … …67
4-2-3 控制策略II:相對旋轉速度量測法 … … … … … …69
4-3 模擬結果 … … … … … … … … … … … …70

4-4 本章結論 … … … … … … … … … … … … …73
第五章 電壓及頻率調整器實體製作 75
5-1 前言 … … … … … … … … … … …75
5-2 系統架構與軟硬體電路製作 … … … … … … … … … …76
5-2-1 時間參考信號產生電路設計 … … … … … … … …79
5-2-2 互鎖電路設計 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …81
5-2-3 諧波消除式脈波寬度調變技術 … … … … … … …84
5-2-4 軟體程式規劃 　… … … … … … … … … … … … …88
5-3 實驗結果與討論.… … … … … … … … … … … … … … …91
5-3-1 互聯輸電線斷線事故 … … … … … … … … … … …97
5-3-2 負載瞬間改變 … … … … … … … … … … … … …100
5-3-3 發電機定子頻率設定值瞬間改變 … … … … …108
5-4 諧波分析　… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 112
5-5 本章結論 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 119
第六章 結論 121
6-1 本文主要貢獻… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …121
6-2 未來研究方向… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …123
附錄 125
參考文獻 127

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