臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

眼睛是人類的感官器官中最重要的器官，也是取得外界資訊來源的重要管道；如果失去視覺，將會為生活帶來諸多不便。還是有許多的團體為對已失去視覺的人，希望於未來，能重新恢復視覺而努力；特別是針對因感光細胞的壞死而導致失明的人，主要是以老人黃斑部退化症（Age-related Macular Degeneration）和色素性視網膜炎（Retinitis Pigmetosa）這兩個為主因者；在現今的科技的進步下，有了人工視網膜的出現，其技術主要是以植入式電極植入於視網膜上，並有效的刺激雙極細胞（Bipolar cells）或節細胞（Ganglion cells），來延續視覺訊號的傳遞，以達到建立完整的視覺。目前主要的電刺激方式有二種：即下視網膜（Sub-retina）電刺激與上視網膜（Epi-retina）電刺激，兩者各有其優缺點。
本論文主要的研究方向是針對上視膜網刺激電路架構及其電路的模擬。人工視網膜的主要架構為四大部份：影像擷取、無線傳輸、視網膜晶片、微刺激電極，其動作原理是將物體經由光的反射到攝影機、調變器、無線傅輸，再將訊號送入眼球裡，並經過解調器、刺激電路產生適當的電流來刺激剩餘的視網膜細胞來引發視覺。其中以微刺激電極為本文主要範疇，本論文最大的重點為加上一個反向器使正極和負極的波形可以更加的對稱。其電路架構包括：數位類比轉換器、Active Feedback Current Mirror、解多工器、雙向控制電路等。模擬量測結果滿足在10KΩ，其最大電流值為600μA。

Eyes are the most important for the human’s sense organ, and it is important way to obtain the external information source and view, too. If we lose vision will bring more inconvenience for living. Many research groups hope to resume vision for the lost visual person. Especially, degeneration of photoreceptor cells is to cause blind. The mainly reason is Age-related (Macular Degeneration) and pigment retinitis (Retinitis Pigmetosa). Now, the medical science and technology are improved, there are appearances of retina prosthesis. The technology is to implant electrode eye-chip into the retina, effectively stimulus bipolar cell or Ganglion cells, and continually transmission the visual signal to the eye, then to achieve and recover the vision. There are two kinds of mainly electricity implanting techniques: Sub-retina electrode stimulus, and Epi-retina electrode stimulus..
In this thesis, we focus on the solution of structure and the circuits of the direction epi-retina, in which is combination of four parts: camera, wireless transmitting, retinal chip, microstimulating electrodes. The active of this artificial eye as a camera, a light beams into regulator and modulating, then transmitting by wireless, and the signal transmit into eyeball via demodulator, stimulus circuit produce appropriate current stimulus remain retinal cells. The most construction of this thesis is to add one inverter, which can enable positive and negative waveform more symmetry. The allover of circuit includes: digital and analog converter, Active Feedback Current Mirror, demultiplexer, two-way control circuit, etc.. The simulation result sufficient the maximum current value of 600μA at 10kΩ.

目 錄

誌謝……………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
中文摘要………………………………………………………… Ⅱ
英文摘要………………………………………………………… Ⅳ
目錄……………………………………………………………… Ⅵ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………… Ⅸ
表目錄……………………………………………………………… XI

第一章 緒論……………………………………………………… 1
1.1. 研究目的……………………………………………………… 1
1.2. 研究動機……………………………………………………… 1
1.3. 論文架構……………………………………………………… 2

第二章 相關原理…………………………………………………… 3

2.1. 視覺系統……………………………………………………… 3
2.1.1 感光細胞………………………………………………… 7
2.1.2 水平細胞………………………………………………… 8
2.1.3 兩極細胞………………………………………………… 9
2.1.4 節細胞…………………………………………………… 10
2.1.5 視網膜電路………………………………………………… 11
2.2. 失去視覺的原因……………………………………………… 14
2.2.1 色素性視網膜炎………………………………………… 14
2.2.2 老年性黃斑部退化……………………………………… 15
2.3. 重建視覺的研究……………………………………………… 15
2.3.1. 下視網膜刺激晶片……………………………………… 18
2.3.2. 上視網膜刺激晶片……………………………………… 20

第三章 Multisim 7介紹及研究方法……………………………… 23

3.1. Multisim 7介紹……………………………………………… 23
3.2. 相關電路介紹……………………………………………… 24
3.3. 實際模擬電路及架構……………………………………… 28

第四章 實驗結果與分析………………………………………… 36

4.1. 雙向刺激電路結果………………………………………… 36
4.2. 負極主動回授電流鏡結果………………………………… 39
4.3. 正極主動回授電流鏡結果………………………………… 41
4.4. 結果分析…………………………………………………… 42

第五章 結論……………………………………………………… 48

參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 49

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