臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

西元1685年，誕生了三位偉大的作曲家，除了大家熟知的巴赫（J. S. Bach）與韓德爾（Händel）外，還有寫了545首鍵盤奏鳴曲的斯卡拉第（D. Scarlatti）。斯卡拉第雖不是出生於西班牙，但他的鍵盤奏鳴曲卻充滿了西班牙的民族風味，尤其是吉他音樂也成為他創作中重要的元素，這必然與他的一生經歷有著極密切的關係。除此之外，斯卡拉第使用許多超越當時鍵盤樂器「大鍵琴」的技巧手法在他的奏鳴曲中，將大鍵琴的音域及技巧發揮到極限，如雙手交叉遠距離跳躍、雙手在同一聲部快速地交替貼近彈奏、快速地重複同音等等，這些技巧在現今的鋼琴上仍然是需要練習的技巧，也是所有演奏家必須具備的技巧。
在18世紀，所盛行的是以若干舞曲組成的組曲，但斯卡拉第用卻用奏鳴曲做標題，此原因需從鍵盤奏鳴曲的起源與發展，至18世紀當代所常用的舞曲形式來分析斯卡拉第的奏鳴曲創作手法及特色與曲式，了解其奏鳴曲和當時的在巴洛克時期所常用的組曲是否有相關聯處。
斯卡拉第的其中五首鍵盤奏鳴曲，分別是L. 413/ K. 9、L. 108/ K. 213、L. 422/ K. 141、L. 449/ K. 27與L. 465/ K. 96，這五首奏鳴曲包含了許多西班牙吉他元素與較困難的彈奏技巧，藉由分析曲式與探討演奏詮釋得以透視這些部分。

In 1685, three great composers were born. In addition to the well-known J. S. Bach and Händel, there was also one composer—Domenico Scarlatti, who had composed 545 keyboard sonatas. Although Scarlatti was not born in Spain, his keyboard sonatas are filled with Spanish ethnic style. Guitar music is especially an important factor in his compositions— throughout his life. Furthermore, in his sonatas, D. Scarlatti utilized many keyboard techniques and skills that had almost surpassed the capacity of the harpsichord at that time, in which the gamut and the skill of harpsichord playing could be explored to an extreme, for example, long-distance jumping with hand-crossing, quick hand alternations during fast passages, repeating the same note swiftly, etc. In contemporary piano playing, such skills remain essential for advanced piano players, also the prerequisite skills for all the players.
In the 18th Century, suites consisting of several pieces of dance music prevailed. However, Scarlatti titled his compositions as sonatas. As for the reason, by analyzing Scarlatti’s unique compositional methods, and musical forms in his sonatas, and compare them with 18th Century keyboard and violin suites, the author wishs to understand whether there is any correlation between his sonatas and the suites commonly-composed at that time in Baroque Period.
The five keyboard sonatas by Scarlatti studied in this report are: “L. 413/ K. 9”, “L. 108/ K. 213”, “L. 422/ K. 141”, “L. 449/ K. 27”, and “L. 465/ K. 96”. These sonatas include many Spanish guitar music characteristics as well as the more difficult playing skills. Through formal analysis and the exploration of performance interpretation, these aspects can be better understood.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………ii
第一章 緒論
第一節 問題背景與描述………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究動機與目的………………………………………………………3
第三節 研究方法………………………………………………………………4
第四節　 歷史回顧與發現………………………………………………………5
第二章 斯卡拉第與奏鳴曲
第一節　 生平概述………………………………………………………………7
第二節 巴洛克時期的鍵盤奏鳴曲……………………………………………10
第三節 斯卡拉第奏鳴曲風格與和聲上的特色………………………………14
第四節 斯卡拉第奏鳴曲曲式分析……………………………………………23
第三章 斯卡拉第奏鳴曲之彈奏特色與技巧
第一節 受西班牙吉他音樂影響之斯卡拉第奏鳴曲…………………………35
第二節　 斯卡拉第奏鳴曲之彈奏技巧…………………………………………45
第四章 分析與詮釋
第一節 L. 413/ K. 9 d小調奏鳴曲分析與詮釋………………………50
第二節　 L. 108/ K. 213 d小調奏鳴曲分析與詮釋………………………57
第三節　 L. 422/ K. 141 d小調奏鳴曲分析與詮釋………………………63
第四節　 L. 449/ K. 27 b小調奏鳴曲分析與詮釋………………………69
第五節 　L. 465/ K. 96 D大調奏鳴曲分析與詮釋………………………75
第五章　 結論……………………………………………………………………85
參考書目……………………………………………………………………………87

中文書目
大澤一仁等七人，林勝儀譯。《吉他基礎講座﹝1﹞演奏技巧》。台北市：全音出版社，民71。
大澤一仁等七人，林勝儀譯。《吉他基礎講座﹝2﹞音樂的歷史》。台北市：全音出版社，民71。
邵義強。《鋼琴名曲的演奏詮釋I》。臺北市：全音出版社，民78。
朱象泰。《史卡拉第奏鳴曲研究》。台北市：大呂出版社，1991。
音樂之友社主編，林勝儀譯。《新訂標準音樂辭典》，第二冊。台北市：美樂出版社，民88。
楊沛仁。《音樂史與欣賞》。台北市：美樂出版社，2001。
劉志明。《巴洛克時代音樂史》。台北市：全音出版社，民91。
呂佳燁。〈J. S. 巴赫鍵盤作品《法國組曲》之研究〉。台北市：中國文化大學碩士論文，民93。
吳欣儀。《樂曲解說》。台中市：東海大學音樂研究所碩士論文，民95。
廖珍綺。《廖珍綺畢業音樂會》。屏東市：國立屏東教育大學音樂學系研究所碩士論文，民96。
外文書目
Dale, K. Domenico Scarlatti: His Unique Contribution to Keyboard Literature. New York: Oxford University, 1948.
Gillespie, J. Five Centuries of Keyboard Music. New York: Dover Publication.
Kitchen, J. Early Music. New York: Oxford University, 1996.
Newman. S, W. The Sonata In the Baroque Era. New York: W. W. Norton, 1983.
Newman. S, W. The Instrumental Background of the Early Baroque Sonata. California: University of California, 1947.
Newman. S, W. A Checklist of the Earliest Keyboard "Sonatas". Music Library Association, 1954.
Donington, R. Baroque Music: Style and Performance. New York: Norton, 1997.
Sadie, S. (Ed. ) The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Second edition. Volume 22. New York: Macmillan Publishers, 2001.
Tyler, J. Sparks, P. The Guitar and Its Music. New York: Oxford University, 2002.
Williams, P. Review: 600 Years at the Keyboard. Musical Times Publications Ltd, 1975.
樂譜版本
D. Scarlatti. Sonata. Edited by Alessandro Longo. Milan: G. Ricordi & C., 1906-08.
D. Scarlatti. Sonata. Edited by Kirkpatrick Ralph. Hal Leonard Corp., 2007.
G. Frescobaldi. Canzona for Soprano or Tenor Recorder and Basso Continuo. New York: GMC., 1965.
J. S. Bach. Französische Suiten. Edited by G. Henle Verlag. Erlangen: Rudolf Steglich, 1972.
G. F. Händel. Klaviersuiten. Edited by G. Henle Verlag. London: Anthony Hicks, 1983.
有聲資料
D. Scarlatti. 21 Sonatas for Harpsichord. Performed by Ralph Kirkpatrick, compact disc. 477500-3. Archiv, 2004.
D. Scarlatti. The celebrated Scarlatti recordings. Performed by Vladimir Horowitz. compact disc. SMK90435. Sony Music, 2003.
D. Scarlatti. The Seville Concert. Performed by John Williams. compact disc. SK90409. Sony Music, 2005.