臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在喬治‧歐威爾的小說《一九八四》中，即使大洋國的人民身處惡劣的生活條件之中，卻依然心甘情願地遵守極權政黨所設下的嚴苛規定。根據傅科的論點，權力能否成功施行和統治者如何規訓人民有相當密切的關係。因此，本論文主旨在透過米歇爾‧傅科的理論探討《一九八四》中的獨裁政黨如何能成功地規訓其人民。透過如此探討，不僅喬治‧歐威爾的規訓觀能被了解，更可發現歐威爾以及傅科兩人的規訓觀極為相似。由於傅科普遍被視為當代最具影響力之人文科學家之一，故其規訓概念廣被接受。也由於傅科和歐威爾二人之規訓觀極為相似，故可知歐威爾之規訓觀亦為一有效且能被廣為接受之觀點。
本論文共分五章，第一章導論簡述批評家對《一九八四》之看法，並解釋為何傅科之理論於本論文中受到採用。此外，歐威爾的生平背景和其代表作《一九八四》之間的絕對關係也在此章中予以探討。在第二章中，傅科的權力分析學中的五個分析標準將被用來初步分析大洋國的社會階級區分、獨裁政黨之目標、手段和策略等。第三章以傅科規訓概念中的前兩部分﹙柔順的肉體及管教的手段﹚探索獨裁政黨如何利用不同的手段及技巧來規訓與監督其人民並讓其身心全屈服於黨的領導。第四章以傅科規訓概念中的最後一部分〈全景敞視主義〉檢視大洋國及其人民的生活。透過傅科對邊沁的全景敞視監獄以及其獨特機制的說明和介紹，可了解到大洋國已被獨裁政黨轉化成一個全景敞視監獄，所有空間皆如牢房，所有人民如同犯人皆受到全面的嚴密監視。幾乎所有全景敞視監獄之規訓及監視機制皆可於大洋國中尋到。此一事實更證明了大洋國本身即是全景敞視監獄之事實。在以上三個章節的討論中，幾乎所有傅科針對規訓所提出之論點皆能在喬治‧歐威爾的《一九八四》中找到相對應的故事情節。由此一事實可知歐威爾與傅科在對規訓的認知上極為相似。此外，由於傅科對規訓之認知為其研究十八、十九世紀之西方歷史得來，而歐威爾身為小說家竟然能有極相近之看法。由此看來，更可確定歐威爾之規訓觀之有效和能被廣為接受。第五章為論文總結，簡述之前章節所提的論點。

In 1984, although people have awful living conditions, they still obey every strict rule established by the totalitarian Party. According to Michel Foucault, the success of power exertion is closely related to discipline─the practice of making people obey strict rules of behavior. Thus, this thesis intends to discuss how the totalitarian Party disciplines its subjects in terms of Foucault''s theories. Through the discussion, we will not only excavate George Orwell''s inarticulate concept of discipline but also discover the striking resemblance between Foucault and Orwell in the concept of discipline. Since Foucault''s concept of discipline is widely accepted and since Orwell''s and Foucault''s concepts of discipline are very similar, it can be inferred that Orwell''s concept of discipline will be widely compatible.
This thesis is divided into five chapters. In Chapter One, the commentary of 1984, the reason why Foucault''s theories are adopted and the absolute relativity between Orwell''s life and 1984 will be introduced. In Chapter Two, five criteria of Foucault''s “analytics of power” will be employed to analyze the class distinction in Oceanic society and the totalitarian Party''s objectives, means and instruments. In Chapter Three, Foucault''s concepts of “docile bodies” and “the means of correct training” are employed to unearth different means and instruments that the Party takes to subject Oceanian citizens. In Chapter Four, “panopticism,” the last part of Foucault''s theory of discipline, will be expounded and applied to George Orwell''s 1984 for three goals: to unveil more instruments that add force to the Party; to prove that Oceania can be regarded as a Panopticon; and to verify that even in terms of “panopticism,” Orwell''s understanding of discipline remains compatible with Foucault''s. Through the discussions in the above three chapters, it can be discovered that almost all Foucault''s ideas of discipline can find their correspondent scenarios in 1984. Based on this fact, it can be inferred that Orwell''s and Foucault''s concepts of discipline are well matched. Chapter Five concludes my thesis, summarizing the main points of the previous chapters.

Abstract...i
Acknowledgments...iii
Chapter One
Introduction...1
Chapter Two
An Analysis of Power-events in in 1984...11
Chapter Three
Discipline in 1984...39
Chapter Four
Bentham''s Panopticon, Foucault''s Panopticism and Orwell''s
Oceania...62
Chapter Five
Conclusion...86
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