臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

我們提出新的方法在徑分多重接取第五代蜂巢式系統中進行手機同步和基地台搜尋。在我們提出的徑分多重接取系統中，使用者資料用時域傳輸，同時我們基於傳送在頻域的控制訊號進行基地台搜尋。在徑分多重接取蜂巢式系統中的基地台搜尋可以區分為四個階段，在第一階段，我們提出了一個新穎的檢測與估計結合架構基於循環前綴去偵測符元邊界和估計小數載波頻率偏移，再來我們可以將偵測到的符元邊界移出符號間干擾區域，這方法的優點是在蜂巢式環境下不需要額外的前序編碼並運用低複雜度演算法達到優異的同步規格。在第二階段，我們提出了一個強大的整數載波頻率偏移偵測，藉由頻域上擁有最大能量的主控制頻的位置來偵測整數載波頻率偏移。在第三階段，我們運用第二大能量的輔控制頻的位子經由修正整數載波頻率偏移後得到細胞基地台的識別碼。在第四階段，我們利用輔控制頻所攜帶的前序編碼做差分檢測來偵測訊框起始位置。在找到訊框起始位置後，基地台搜尋程序就已經完成，我們可以開始運用頻域上的輔控制頻所攜帶的控制訊號進行解調。徑分多重接取蜂巢式系統的模擬結果顯示，在存在使用者干擾的情況下，所提出的同步演算法可以達到錯誤率低於1%和0.05內的正規化殘餘載波頻率偏移，此外藉由提出的整數載波頻率偏移偵測的幫助下，對於基地台識別碼偵測我們可以達到錯誤率低於1%並節省83.3%的偵測時間。在硬體架構設計下，本論文採用TSMC 28nm HPC plus CMOS製成在目標晶片碼片率200MHz下實現手機同步和基地台搜尋模組設計，我們藉由記憶體仲裁器共用記憶體，因此減少36%的記憶體使用量。

In this thesis, we propose a new method to do handset synchronization and cell search procedure in 5G massive antenna multipath division multiple access (MDMA) cellular system. In our proposed MDMA cellular system, the users’ data is transmitted in time domain and do the cell search procedure based on control signals is transmitted in frequency domain at the same time. The cell search procedure is divided into different stages in MDMA cellular system. In the first stage, we propose a novel architecture of the joint detection and estimation to detect the coarse symbol boundary and estimate fractional carrier frequency offset (FCFO) based on cyclic prefix (CP) in time domain. Moreover, we can avoid ISI by shifting the coarse symbol boundary to ISI free region. The advantage of this method is that additional preamble sequence is not required and the complexity of the algorithm is low with very well synchronization in a cellular environment. In the second stage, we propose a robust integer carrier frequency offset (ICFO) detection to obtain the ICFO by the primary control tone (PCT) in frequency domain. In the third stage, we use the secondary control tones (SCT) to obtain SCT position and obtain cell ID by ICFO adjustment. In the fourth stage, we use the preamble sequence which is carried by the secondary control tones to detect frame header by differential detection. After detecting frame header, the cell search procedure is completed and we can start to demodulate the control data by the secondary control tones in frequency domain. The simulation results of MDMA cellular system shows that, under the interference of users’ data, the proposed synchronization algorithms can achieve failure rate less than 1% and the normalized residual carrier frequency offset is less than 0.05. Moreover, by the proposed ICFO detection, we can save 83.3% detection time for cell ID detection to achieve the failure rate of 1%. For a hardware implementation, we adopt TSMC 28nm HPC plus CMOS process to implement the handset synchronization and cell search modules. The target chip rate is 200 MHz and we use memory arbiter to share memory. Hence, the memory usage is reduced by 36%.

摘 要 i
Abstract iii
誌 謝 v
Contents vii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Overview of MDMA Cellular System 2
1.3 Motivation 4
1.4 Synchronization 4
1.5 Thesis Organization 6
Chapter 2 Introduction of MDMA Cellular System and System Model 8
2.1 Cellular Communication System 8
2.2 System Model 9
2.2.1 Channel Model 10
2.2.2 Frame Structure 13
2.2.3 Preamble Sequence 16
2.3 Symbol Timing Offset 19
2.4 Carrier Frequency Offset 20
2.5 Summary 21
Chapter 3 Synchronization Algorithm for MDMA Mobile Receiver 23
3.1 Symbol Timing Detection 23
3.1.1 Simulation Results of Symbol Timing Detection 29
3.2 Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation and Detection 33
3.2.1 Factional Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation 33
3.2.2 Integer Carrier Frequency Offset Detection 34
3.2.3 Simulation Results of Fractional CFO Estimation 37
3.2.4 Simulation Results of Integer CFO Detection 38
3.3 Cell ID Detection 40
3.3.1 Simulation Results of Cell ID Detection 42
3.4 Frame Synchronization 43
3.4.1 Simulation Results of Frame Synchronization 47
3.5 Summary 48
Chapter 4 Hardware Implementation 50
4.1 Hardware Implementation Consideration 50
4.1.1 Symbol Timing Detection 53
4.1.2 Fractional CFO Estimation and Compensation 56
4.1.3 Integer CFO Detection and Cell ID Detection 57
4.1.4 Frame Synchronization 58
4.2 Shared Memory Arrangement 60
4.3 RTL Synthesis Results 61
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Work 64
Reference 66

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