臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在研究新聞照片圖說中副文本的種類，以及就功能學說觀點來探討上述副文本種類所涵示之意義。理論架構採用簡奈特（Genette, 1997）的副文本理論來檢視新聞照片圖說中的輔助資訊，以幫助觀眾理解照片內容。此外，本研究亦引用維米爾(Vermeer, 1989/2000)的功能理論來說明新聞照片圖說中副文本應用之目的。
本研究採用量化與質化分析，研究樣本共收集100張新聞照片與其圖說，皆取自攝影集《The Pulitzer Prize Photographs: Capture the Moment》。所有照片依主題內容分別歸類為，「社會生活」、「戰爭與襲擊」、「人物」與「意外／事件、自然災害」。此外，筆者採用四種副文本類型作為分析標準，研究結果發現全部四類別照片中，副文本B（照片背景資訊）出現頻率最高 (40%)；副文本A （攝影師引述與生平資訊）些微少於副文本B (39.6%)；副文本C（照片之後續影響）出現頻率最少 (5.2%)；副文本D（對照片之評論、回應與反思）高於C但少於A與B (15.2%)。上述統計結果顯示圖說重點在於提供觀眾足夠背景資訊，並且有意表揚攝影師拍照之辛勞與經歷之意。此外，從功能學說觀點而言，研究顯示副文本A提供攝影師引述與生平資料，能增加照片圖說可信度與資料真實性，而副文本B提供照片背景訊息，可更清楚傳達資訊，副文本C與D藉由對照片的迴響、回應與反思，則可啟發觀眾與引導解讀，達到召喚功能。綜而言之，本研究證實照片圖說副本文種類呈現多樣性，且能成功地輔助新聞攝影翻譯達成其資訊傳達、說服與召喚觀眾情感之目的。

This study aims to find out what types of paratext are used in the captions of news photographs and what implications they suggest from the functionalistic perspective. Drawing on Genette’s (1997) paratext theory, this study examined the supplementary information in photograph captions to increase the audience’s understanding of the photograph content. Furthermore, Vermeer’s (1989/2000) skopos theory is applied to support the purpose of the use of paratexts in news photograph captions.

Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are made to examine one hundred news photographs and photograph captions retrieved from the photograph book, The Pulitzer Prize Photographs: Capture the Moment. The topics of the news photographs fall into four categories, including 1) social life, 2) war and raids, 3) figures, and 4) accidents/incidents and natural disasters. Four types of paratexts are used as analysis criteria to examine the photograph captions. The findings show that paratext type B (background information of photographs) ranks the highest on average (40%) in all the photographs of the four categories. Paratext type A (quotations from photographers and photographers’ biographical information) comes next (39.6%). Paratext type C (the social impact of a photograph) occurs least (5.2%), and paratext type D (comments, remarks and reflections on the photograph) occurs higher than type C but less than types B and A (15.2%). The analytical results show that most paratexts in the captions are used to provide background information about the photographs and to honor photographers’ efforts and experiences of photograph-shooting. In addition, examined from the functionalistic perspective, the findings show that paratext type A, providing quotations from photographers and biographical information, helps increase the credibility of photograph caption and the authenticity of the materials. Paratext type B introduces the background information of the photographs, conveying information clearly. By presenting the impacts of photographs, and comments and reflections, paratext types C and D help inspire the audience and serve as guidance for the interpretation of the photographs, achieving the function of evoking emotions. Overall, the study shows that paratexts in photograph captions are various in types and they can successfully reproduce the functions of news photographs—to inform, to persuade and to evoke the audience’s emotions.

Chinese Abstract..............i
English Abstract............. ii
Acknowledgments...............iv
Table of Contents.............v
List of Tables................vii
List of Figures...............viii

Chapter One Introduction............1
1.1 Research Motivation.............1
1.2 Research Purposes and Questions.6
1.3 Research Structure..............7

Chapter Two Theoretical Review.....................9
2.1 Jakobson’s “Intersemiotic Translation”....9
2.2 Genette’s Paratext Theory.....................11
2.3 Vermeer’s Skopos Theory.......................17

Chapter Three Methodology............................21
3.1 Collected Data...................................21
3.1.1 Introduction to the Pulitzer Prize Photographs.21
3.1.2 Data Collected from the Photograph Book of the Pulitzer Prize Photographs...........................24
3.2 Methods..........................................32
3.3 Analysis Criteria................................32

Chapter Four Findings and Discussion...................37
4.1 Paratexts Types and Frequencies in the Captions of Photographs............................................37
4.1.1 Paratexts in the Captions of Photographs in the Category of Social Life................................37
4.1.2 Paratexts in the Captions of Photographs in the Category of Wars and Raids.............................46
4.1.3 Paratexts in the Captions of Photographs in the Category of Figures....................................55
4.1.4 Paratexts in the Captions of Photographs in the Category of Accidents/Incidents and Natural Disasters..61
4.2 The Statistics of Four Types of Paratexts in All the Photographs............................................68
4.3 Analysis of Paratextual Features of Photograph Captions from the Functionalistic Perspective...................72
4.3.1 Paratext Types A and B...........................74
4.3.2 Paratext Types C and D...........................81

Chapter Five Conclusion..........86
5.1 Summary of Research..........86
5.2 Research Significance........88
5.3 Limitations and Suggestions..90
References.......................91
Appendix I.......................94
Appendix II......................106

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