臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鯖科魚類包含鯖 ( Mackerels ) 、鰆 ( Spanish mackerels ) 、鰹 ( Bonitos ) 、鮪 （ Tunas ）等魚類，目前全世界合計有15屬51種，分布遍及全球各海域。在臺灣附近海域，則有10屬22種，其產值及產量在我國漁業生產中均居首位，多數種類經濟價值極高。
傳統的鯖科分類系統多半以外部形態及骨骼等可見形質為依據，本研究則利用完整的mtDNA之完整CO I基因，以鄰聚法 ( Neighbor-joining ) 與最大簡約法 ( Maximum parsimony ) 來探討台灣常見鯖科魚類種間之親緣關係，並驗證與先前之研究是否有所差異。結果顯示；(1) 鮪族、鰆族、鯖族皆為單一系群。 (2) 沙丁族種類不多且缺乏共近裔性 ( Synapomorphy )，且非單系群，是否有必要獨立為一族仍需探討。
　　其次，由於目前花鰹屬仔魚依據外部形態只能鑑定到屬的層級，因此本研究先利用mtDNA區分出花鰹屬內的兩種仔魚 ( 平花鰹及圓花鰹 ) 再根據結果回推平花鰹與圓花鰹在外部形態上的差異。結果顯示，在平花鰹 ( Auxis thazard ) 的眼部後方有一黑色素胞存在，而圓花鰹 ( Auxis rochei ) 則否。此外，利用PCR-RFLP方式，以BglΠ與Bpu10I兩組限制鋂也可快速的將圓花鰹、平花鰹確實區分：(1) 以限制鋂BglΠ作用花鰹屬仔魚之CO I基因共1946 bp，平花鰹可得約1676 bp、270 bp兩不同長度之片段，而圓花鰹無反應。(2) 以Bpu10I作用，平花鰹無反應，而圓花鰹可得約1183 bp、551 bp、212 bp三長度不同之片段。

The Scombridae, including bonitos, mackerels, spanish mackerels, and tunas, contains 15 genera and 50 species in the world which has highly economic importance. Among them, 10 genera and 22 species occur in the waters of Taiwan.
Conventional systematic studies of Scombridae is based on morphology and osteology. The present study used complete mitochondrial CO I gene ( 1551 bp ) infer the phylogenetic relationships of common Scombridae in Taiwan. A total of 16 species and 3 outgroups sequences were clustered using Neighbor-joining and Maximum parsimony methods. The results of analyses are summarized as (1) Thunnini, Scomberomorini, and Scombrini are all monophyletic. (2) Sardini is not monophyletic and the absence of Synapomorphy among them so that taxa “Sardini” need rediscuss.
Because the larvae of Auxis identification is difficult depending on morphological characters, the present study is based on mitochondrial CO I sequencing to distinguish A. rochei and A. thazard. Behinding the eyes of A. thazard exist a melanophore as a result, and it is a lack at A. rochei. Moreover, we using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP ) technology with two restriction enzymes contains BglII and Bpu10I to identify A. rochei and A. thazard. (1) The restriction enzyme BglII cleaved the 1946 bp fragment to 1676 bp and 270 bp in the larvae of A. thazard, and there was no any cutting sites in A. rochei. (2) The restriction enzyme Bpu10I could cleave the 1946 bp fragment to 1183 bp, 551 bp, and 212 bp in the larvae of A. rochei, but there was no cutting sites in A. thazard.

謝辭 ................................................ i
中文摘要................................................ ii
英文摘要................................................ iv
目錄 ................................................ vi
前言 ................................................ 1
材料與方法
一、臺灣常見鯖科魚類之親緣關係分析.................... 13
二、花鰹屬仔魚之鑑別.................................. 19
結果
一、 臺灣常見鯖科魚類之親緣關係分析
(一) 序列分析.......................................... 23
(二) 親緣關係.......................................... 25
二、花鰹屬仔魚之鑑別
(一) 花鰹屬仔魚之外部形態.............................. 26
(二) 色素胞之分布...................................... 27
(三) 黑色素胞之比較.................................... 27
(四) 形態之比較........................................ 39
(五) 限制鋂切圖譜分析.................................. 30
討論
一、鯖科魚類各族之親緣關係............................ 32
二、各族內種類之相互關係.............................. 33
三、花鰹屬仔魚之鑑別.................................. 39
結論 ................................................ 44
參考文獻................................................ 45
表 ................................................ 61
圖 ................................................ 75

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