臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本研究的目的為，在人類步態轉換時，探討雙側下肢關節的運動學因子，包含關節角度，關節角速度及關節角加速度的變化。同時也計算步態轉換時，下肢機械能量的變化。共有十八位身體健康之年輕男性參與本實驗。本實驗包含有，行走，跑步，由走到跑及由跑到走等一系列試驗。
　　首先為了能更進一步解釋由走到跑及由跑到走的變化，先分析走和跑這兩種動作的差異。由量測而得的地面正向反作用力，定位出由走到跑及由跑到走的轉換點。將在轉換點的運動學因子及機械能，與在步態轉換之前時期和步態轉換之後時期做比較。
　　經過統計分析比較後，比較由走到跑及由跑到走這兩種過程，有些運動學因子和下肢機械能呈現相反的趨勢。結果顯示不論由走到跑或由跑到走，在轉換點的一些運動學因子確實有顯著差異，如：膝關節角度、速度及加速度，以及踝關節的角度、速度及加速度。而在轉換點的下肢機械能也呈現出顯著差異。
　　因此，本研究結論為步態轉換為多關節的交互作用而生，並非僅單因某一關節的侷限而導致。至於在轉換點發現的各項因子，是否為引發步態轉換的極限值尚須進一步探討。

　　The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic behaviors of bilateral hip, knee and ankle joints in gait transition. The mechanical energy of lower extremity change was also measured in gait transition. Eighteen young males were recruited in this study. A serial of experiments included walking, running, walk-run transition, and run-walk transition.
　　The discrepancy of stable walking and stable running was investigated for further understanding of the gait transition. The transition instants at both walk-run transition and run-walk transition were identified by vertical ground reaction force. The kinematic factors and mechanical energy at transition instant were compared with prior-transition phase and after-transition phase.
　　Results show that a few kinematic behaviors and mechanical energy were opposite between walk-run transition and run-walk transition. The kinematic factors, the angle, velocity, and acceleration of the knee and ankle, showed significant changes at either walk-run transition or run-walk transition, the mechanical energy of single lower extremity also showed significant differences at transition.
　　In conclusion, gait transition would be caused by interactions of multi-joints not only by a single joint. And the mechanical energy was important to illustrate the behavior of gait transition. However, whether the critical values at transition instant reach the ultimate requirement for gait transition should be investigated in depth.

Chapter 1 Introduction and Literature Review 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Literature review 4
1.2.1 Comparison between walking and running 4
1.2.2 Kinematic factor in gait transition 6
1.2.3 Kinetic factor in gait transition 6
1.2.4 Energy cost in gait transition 7
1.3 Objective 8

Chapter 2 Materials and Methods 9
2.1 Equipments 9
2.2 Subject 9
2.3 Procedures 12
2.4 Theory 13
2.4.1 Kinematic and kinetic model 13
2.4.2 Mechanical energy 13
2.4.3 Data Analysis 14

Chapter 3 Results 16
3.1 Walking vs. Running 16
3.2 Walking to running transition phase 23
3.4 Running to walking transition phase 35

Chapter 4 Discussion 48
4.1 Walk-run transition vs. run-walk transition 48
4.2 The critical values at transition instant 52
4.3 The limitation 55

Chapter 5 Conclusion 56
Future work 57

Reference 58

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