臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

基樁的非破壞性檢測技術在傳統的訊號理分析方式常利用快速傅立葉轉換(FFT)，然而在轉換過程中常因為FFT的限制造成訊號轉換至頻率域常常發生失真及漏失的現象，因此傳統的基樁缺陷分析方式在尋找缺陷比小於10%的缺陷是困難的。近年來，小波轉換技術已純熟於應用在各種領域的訊號處理上，基樁的非破壞性檢測也是如此。然而早前的小波轉換應用多著重於訊號濾波或時頻圖分析上，對於樁缺陷判斷效果不彰，因此本文分別利用離散小波轉換(DWT)進行訊號判釋應用在脈波反應法(IR method)以及複數連續小波轉換(CCWT)進行時頻分析計算出不同頻帶下之相位-時間關係圖，試圖更準確地找出基樁缺陷的位置。結果顯示，利用DWT應用在脈波反應法上可以系統性地找到缺陷比10%的缺陷，但繁複的分析程序相對於傳統IR法冗長耗時；使用CCWT進行時頻分析則相對簡單且快速，除了保留連續小波轉換(CWT)能提供在不同頻帶上的高解析度外，利用相角圖判斷反射波位置及其代表意義也變得更加簡單。

The purpose of this research is to study in defect detecting for the concrete piles, offering the NDT methods to find out the defects whose size are less than 10%. The restriction of the signal analysis for traditional reflection method is that the small defects are not easy to be found. In this research, there are two ways to detect the defects of pile. The first method, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied in IR method. The results show that the defect is determined by introducing the DWT based procedure which would reduce the effects of the noise and clarify the signals in frequency domain, and thus it can improve the reliability of the evaluated small defect. Therefore, the resolution of the reflection signals on the defect and the constrained media would be increased when the DWT is introduced into the IR method.
Second method is about using complex continuous wavelet transform (CCWT) to determine pile length and locations of defects on pile foundations by analyzing the time-frequency analysis in different frequency bands. The results show that complex continuous wavelet transform is not only able to provide high resolution results in different frequency bands, which are similar to those bands used by CCWT, but also simplifies the identification of the reflection of the defects. The location of the defects can then be easily determined by utilizing the analyzed phase diagram under the corresponding specific frequencies.

摘要 I
Extended Abstract II
致謝 VII
目錄 VIII
表目錄 XI
圖目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究方法 1
1.3 論文內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧與相關理論 4
2.1 前言 4
2.2 樁基礎完整性檢測方法簡介 4
2.3相關研究之文獻回顧 9
2.4 波傳基本原理 16
2.5基樁波傳理論 19
2.6 音波回音法 27
2.7 脈波反應法 29
2.8 小波轉換基本原理 30
2.8.1 連續小波轉換 31
2.8.2 離散小波轉換 34
第三章 現地試驗相關介紹 45
3.1 試驗地點 45
3.2 試驗設備 47
3.3 試驗步驟與配置 51
第四章 複數連續小波轉換分析結果與討論 53
4.1 前言 53
4.2 A樁(完整樁)分析結果 53
4.2 B樁分析結果 54
4.3 C樁分析結果 54
4.4 D樁分析結果 55
4.5 E樁分析結果 56
4.6 F樁分析結果 57
4.7 CCWT後處理技術分析小結 58
第五章 離散小波轉換分析結果與討論 66
5.1 前言 66
5.2 以母波db10分8階層拆解分析結果 67
5.2.1 B樁分析結果 67
5.2.2 C樁分析結果 68
5.2.3 F樁分析結果 69
5.3改變母波型式，以母波db5分8階層拆解分析結果 69
5.4改變分解階層，以母波db10分4階層拆解分析結果 70
5.5 DWT多重解析後處理技術分析小結 72
第六章 結論與建議 85
6.1 結論 85
6.2 建議 87
參考文獻 89
附錄 地音計位置對試驗分析樁長結果之影響 97

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