臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文首先提出一種新穎的改良型背腔開槽天線元(Modified Cavity- Back Slot Antenna；M-CBSA)可易於與收發模組結合並組成運用於電磁波抵達方向(Direction-of-Arrival；DOA)估測的主動相列天線。M-CBSA採用一種不同形式的饋電結構來對開槽天線進行激勵，如此可將原先在陣列天線孔徑表面的射頻電路轉變成至空腔的底面，此後饋電方式允許射頻模組可由天線孔徑的底部直接插入，避免對天線的輻射造成干擾。此新的饋電結構也可以減少金屬空腔的深度進而降低其組成相列天線的厚度與重量，並經驗測確認M-CBSA的頻寬比傳統CBSA寬，也可替代因金屬空腔深度過深造成重量過重的後饋入式後饋式開口導波管開槽天線元(Back Feed Open End Waveguide Slot Antenna)。為了驗測M-CBSA組成陣列天線的DOA估測特性，論文中也進行了32個M-CBSA與收發模組組成的主動次陣列天線模組及14個主動次陣列天線模組組成的主動陣列天線的收發輻射場型的數值模擬與實測，確認M-CBSA適合與高功率收發模組結合成主動陣列天線且具有優良的DOA估測特性。
另為使波束合成網路內的微波功率分波器、單脈波比較器具有寬頻等相位輸出特性，以達成相列天線的DOA估測特性不受各波束合成路徑上的相位不平衡影響，因此本論文也進行了波束合成網路內的功率分波器及單脈波比較器的精進研究。論文中分別進行了1分6及1分7的非2的次方項輸出埠個數之等功率及等相位威京生功率分波器、寬頻等相位輸出環形分波合器、環形分波合器組成的等相位單脈波比較器、寬頻相位輸出暨任意輸出功率比之方向耦合器的設計，特別地是本論文發現可巧妙利用Schiffman 90°相移器具有改變相位對頻率之斜率變化特性的尾部相連耦合線段來達成寬頻等相位輸出環形分波合器設計；另也利用寬頻Schiffman 90°相移器結合原本兩輸出埠相位差90°的方向耦合器來達成等相位輸出方向耦合器的設計。本論文所設計的等相位輸出環形分合波器可作為功率分配器使用且功率耐受度可遠比威京生功率分波器更高，要滿足千瓦等級的功率耐受度都可行，並具有寬頻等相位輸出的特性需求，進一步可組成寬頻等相位輸出的單脈波比較器，滿足相列天線系統的需求。另外等相位暨任意輸出功率比方向耦合器亦可作為高耐受功率的功率分波器選項之一，且同樣具有等相位輸出特性，亦可達成任意輸出功率比的功能需求。

This thesis proposes a novel modified cavity-back slot antenna (M-CBSA) which can be easily integrated with T/R module and applied to active array antenna used to estimate Direction-of-Arrival (DOA). The M-CBSA activates the cavity antenna in a different type of feeding structure. The RF circuits originally located on the aperture surface of each array antenna element is moved to the bottom surface of each cavity. This change can eliminate the interference on radiation pattern caused by the feeding circuit. This novel feeding structure can also decrease the depth of metal cavity, so as to lower the thickness and weight of whole array antenna. It is also verified by simulation and measurement that the bandwidth of the M-CBSA structure is wider than that of the traditional CBSA structure. Therefore, the M-CBSA structure can be a satisfying substitute of the back feed open end waveguide slot antenna which suffers from overweight because of over-deep metal cavity. In order to verify the DOA estimation property of array antenna composed of M-CBSA, the thesis includes the simulated and measured T/R radiation pattern of active array antenna composed of fourteen active submodules. Each active submodule includes thirty-two M-CBSA elements and corresponding T/R modules. It is verified that the M-CBSA structure is suitable to be integrated with high power T/R module and enables the active array antenna to possess well property of DOA estimation.
Furthermore, in order to overcome the effect of unequal phase lengths of beamforming network (BFN) on the DOA estimation property of array antenna, this thesis also includes several advanced researches to enhance the properties of microwave components (power divider, mono-pulse comparator) in the BFN. These advanced researches includes equal output power and phase Wilkinson power dividers with output port numbers of six and seven, ring hybrids with identical output phases in operational bandwidth, mono-pulse comparator with identical output phases in operational bandwidth and directional couplers with any power ratios and identical output phase in a wide bandwidth. Especially, it is found in this thesis that the concept of Schiffman phase shifter can be ingeniously manipulated to let the ring hybrid achieve identical output phase in a given operational bandwidth. A wide band Schiffman 90° phase shifter is also integrated with directional coupler to achieve the design of equal phase output. The equal-output-phase ring hybrids proposed in this thesis possess better power handling capability (can be up to Kilo-Watts) than the Wilkinson power divider and can be further constituted to design mono-pulse comparator with wide band identical output phase. Besides, the directional coupler with identical output phase and any output power ratio can also be a good candidate of high power microwave component.

目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2研究目的 3
1.3論文重點歸納 4
1.4論文大綱 6
第二章 運用於電磁波抵達方向(DOA)估測之相列天線系統介紹 8
2.1 被動相列天線系統介紹 9
2.2 主動相列天線系統介紹 12
2.3 數位相列天線系統介紹 15
第三章 以改良型背腔開槽天線(M-CBSA)進行主動陣列之設計以應用於電磁波抵達方向估測之主動相列天線 19
3.1研究動機 19
3.2天線元設計 23
3.2.1 M-CBSA設計概念 23
3.2.2 M-CBSA的輻射特性的模擬和實測分析 25
3.3陣列天線設計 35
3.3.1 陣列天線原理 35
3.3.2 泰勒分佈權重介紹 39
3.3.3 32個M-CBSA組成的M-CBSA主動次陣列天線模組的輻射特性之模擬與實測分析 44
3.3.4 4X4 MCBSA主動陣列天線的輻射特性之模擬與實測分析 58
3.4 結論 78
第四章 應用於電磁波抵達方向估測之相列天線系統的波束合成網路之微波元件精進 79
4.1研究動機 79
4.2非2的次方項輸出埠個數之等功率及等相位威京生功率分波器(Wilkinson Power Divider)設計 84
4.2.1設計緣由 84
4.2.2設計原理 85
4.2.3模擬與實作分析 85
4.3等相位輸出環形分波合器設計 107
4.3.1設計緣由 107
4.3.2設計原理 111
4.3.3模擬與實作分析 113
4.3.4運用等相位輸出環形分波合器進行等相位輸出單脈波比較器設計 124
4.4等相位輸出暨任意輸出功率比之方向耦合器設計 130
4.4.1設計緣由 130
4.4.2設計原理 130
4.4.3模擬與實作分析 130
4.5結論 144
第五章 結論 145

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