臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根據先前研究，多晶系太陽能模組之運作溫度平均每高於參考溫度 (25℃) 一度，其光電轉換效率將下降約0.4-0.5%，故本研究旨在利用於多晶矽太陽能模組之背板添加散熱鰭片及改變背層封裝層(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, EVA)之材料，用以降低太陽能模組之實際運作溫度，進而提升其輸出功率。
本研究以數值模擬及實驗之方式，在低輻照度（300W）、標準操作電池溫度（Nominal Operating Cell Temperature, NOCT）與標準測試條件（Standard Test Condition, STC）三種照度下，得到太陽能模組於添加鰭片後之基板中心溫度與各層溫度、輸出功率、電流與電壓、相對輸出功率與轉換效率，並研究改變鰭片顏色之熱輻射功效及添加風扇之強制對流影響。
本研究之主要控制變因為背層封裝層之材料、背板之熱傳導係數、鰭片之表面放射率與數目，透過研究可發現太陽能模組之溫度與輸出功率隨照度增加而上升，但轉換效率卻隨模組運行溫度上升而下降。背層EVA改變材料能增加進入電池之光量，而背板之高熱傳導係數能將集中於電池之溫度擴散至邊緣以降低電池溫度，在此研究中增加四片直線型鰭片有較佳之結果，而在高放射率的情況下鰭片能藉由較佳輻射散熱而增益效能，因此透過上述幾種變因可針對模組運行溫度進行改善，以提高其相對輸出功率及性能表現。
最後，為了探討強制對流與輻射散熱之效應，本研究將含高放射率鰭片之最佳模組與含不同放射率鰭片並利用風扇吹拂之兩模組測試比較，結果發現在強制對流下輻射散熱之影響幾近可忽略。

In the light of former studies, the elevation of the PV temperature declines solar to electrical energy conversion efficiency by 0.4 - 0.5 (%．K-1) for crystal silicon PV when it rises above the characteristic power conversion temperature of 25℃. Therefore, this research decreases the operating temperature of module to improve its performance by changing materials of ethylene vinyl acetate and adding the cooling fins.
Numerical and experimental methods are used to get the temperature of central base sheet and each layer, output power, current, voltage, conversion efficiency, relative power, the effect of fin’s radiation and the influence of force convection under (1) low irradiance; (2) nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT); (3) standard test condition (STC) and (4) the solar module with cooling fins.
In the research, the main control factors are the material of rear EVA, the conductivity of module of back sheet, the emissivity and the numbers of fin. The results show that the module’s temperature and output power increases when the irradiance elevates, but the conversion efficiency of module decreases oppositely. The change of EVA can increase the incident light of cell. With the high conductivity of back sheet, the concentrative heat of cell originally can be spread into the frame. Better results are found with four straight fins in this research, and the high emissivity of fin can elevate radiative heat of fin. Therefore, the above improvements can elevate the relative power and performance of the module.
Finally, in order to understand the effect of forced convection and radiation, the performance of the best module with high emissivity cooling fins and the modules with different emissivity cooling fins blown by fan are compared in this study. The results show that the effect of radiation can be almost ignored if the forced convection is taken into consideration.

摘要..............................................................................................................................................................................................i
Abstract........................................................................................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................................................................................v
Contents.......................................................................................................................................................................................vii
List of Tables................................................................................................................................................................................xi
List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................................................xiii
Nomenclature..............................................................................................................................................................................xvi
Chapter 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................1
1-1 Research Background...................................................................................................................................................................................1
1-2 Literature Review..........................................................................................................................................................................................2
1-3 Research Motive and Goal............................................................................................................................................................................................25
1-4 Research Construction................................................................................................................................................................................26
Chapter 2 Fundamental Principles....................................................................................................................................................................................28
2-1 Principles of Power Generation...................................................................................................................................................................................28
2-1.1 Photovoltaic Effect...........................................................................................................................................................................................28
2-1.2 Photoelectric Effect...........................................................................................................................................................................................30
2-1.3 Dember effect...........................................................................................................................................................................................31
2-2 Governing Equations................................................................................................................................................................32
2-2.1 PV Heat Transfer Model........................................................................................................................................................32
2-2.2 PV Electrical Model..............................................................................................................................................................38
2-2.2.1 Boundary Conditions..........................................................................................................................................................43
Chapter 3 Numerical Methods........................................................................................................................................................51
3-1 Three-dimensional Numerical Method........................................................................................................................................51
3-1.1 Three-dimensional Physical Model.........................................................................................................................................51
3-1.2 Governing Equations of Three-dimensional Numerical Method..................................................................................................52
3-1.3 Program Procedures..................................................................................................................................................................................52
Chapter 4 Experiment.................................................................................................................................................................................55
4-1 Experimental Structure....................................................................................................................................................................................55
4-1.1 Light Source.......................................................................................................................................................................55
4-1.2 Data Acquisition System......................................................................................................................................................57
4-1.3 Construction and dimension of fins........................................................................................................................................57
4-1.4 Test Module........................................................................................................................................................................60
4-2 Experimental Procedures.......................................................................................................................................................62
4-2.1 Pre-experiments..................................................................................................................................................................62
4-2.2 Main Experiment.................................................................................................................................................................63
4-3 The Inaccuracy of Experiment and Error Analysis………………………........................................................................................66
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion................................................................................................................................................69
5-1 Correlation of Irradiance and Distance.....................................................................................................................................69
5-2 The Independent Test of Spatial Grid.......................................................................................................................................71
5-3 Comparison of Two Straight Fins and Four Straight Fins...........................................................................................................74
5-4 Temperature of Module………………………………………………………......................................................................................79
5-4.1 Comparison of Experimental Data and Numerical Results……………......................................................................................79
5-4.2 Simulated Central Temperature of Each Layer of Module........................................................................................................83
5-4.3 Simulated Planar Temperature Distribution……………………………........................................................................................86
5-5 Output Power of Module.........................................................................................................................................................88
5-6 Current and Voltage of Module………………………..................................................................................................................88
5-7 Conversion Efficiency and Relative Power of Module.................................................................................................................92
5-8 The Effects of Forced Convection and Radiation.......................................................................................................................95
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Work…....................................................................................................................................99
6-1 Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................................99
6-2 Future Work........................................................................................................................................................................100
References...............................................................................................................................................................................101
Appendix..................................................................................................................................................................................105
Appendix A...............................................................................................................................................................................106
Appendix B...............................................................................................................................................................................113

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