臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨在開發以風力驅動開關式磁阻發電機為再生發電源之實驗
型直流微電網。首先適當地設計開關式磁阻發電機之電力電路及控制迴路，以降低換相及開關切換所造成之直流鏈電壓紋波，並應用一簡易強健電壓控制器以在發電機轉速變動下仍可獲得良好之電壓調控特性。接著開發一動態換相位移控制器，進一步強化操控性能。
建立了具良好調控輸出電壓之開關式磁阻發電機後，其直流輸出
(48V)經一具電氣隔離之電流注入推挽式直流-直流轉換器升壓以建立一共同直流匯流排(400V)。其中，轉換器之電力電路及控制機構亦妥適設計以獲得調節良好之直流匯流排電壓。此外，亦建立一個三相三線式變頻器做為所建構直流微電網之測試負載，並應用簡易強健電壓控制獲得追控良好之輸出交流電壓波形。
為提供變動再生發電源之輔助能源，本論文建構一鉛酸蓄電池儲能
系統，蓄電池經由所建之具隔離雙向電流注入推挽式/全橋式直流-直流轉換器介接至共同匯流排，經實驗評估其具良好之放電及充電控制性能。
此外，提出一以電流注入推挽切換式整流器為主之輔助充電器，以便於開關式磁阻發電機故障時能由傳統電網對蓄電池進行輔助充電。所建構之電流注入推挽切換式整流器採用開關磁阻發電機後接介面轉換器之內置元件，僅需外接一橋式二極體整流器。透過適當之設計與控制，亦獲得良好之充電特性與入電品質。

This thesis presents the development of an experimental common DC-bus micro-grid system with a wind-driven switched-reluctance generator (SRG) as distributed generation source. In the establishment of SRG system, its power circuit and control scheme are first properly designed considering the alleviation of DC-link voltage ripples effects caused by commutation and switching. Moreover, the simple robust control is applied to yield improved DC output voltage regulation characteristics under varying prime mover driving speed. Then the operating performance is further enhanced via commutation shift approach.
Having established the well-regulated SRG system, its output voltage (48VDC) is boosted by an isolated current-fed push-pull (CFPP) interface DC/DC to establish the
common DC bus (400VDC). Similarly, the well-regulated DC bus voltage is achieved by the properly designed schematic and control scheme. As to the test load of micro-grid, a
three-phase three-wire load inverter is established. Good AC output waveforms and regulation performance are obtained by applying the developed simple robust control approach.
To provide the energy support for the micro-grid under generating fluctuation, a lead-acid battery energy storage system with bidirectional CFPP isolated interface DC/DC
converter is developed. Good charging and discharging control performances are evaluated experimentally. In addition, a CFPP based switch-mode rectifier (SMR) is established and employed as an auxiliary charger. It can let the battery be charged from utility grid as the SRG fault is occurred. This SMR is formed using the embedded components of the SRG interfaced boost CFPP DC/DC converter, only an external diode bridge is needed. Through
the proposed proper control, good charging characteristics and line drawn power quality are achieved.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................... i
ABSTRACT ................................................ ii
LIST OF CONTENTS ....................................... iii
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES .......................................... xi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.................................... 1
1.1 Motivation............................................ 1
1.2 Literature survey..................................... 2
1.3 Contributions of this Thesis.......................... 8
1.4 Organizations of this Thesis ......................... 9
CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTORY RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM ISSUES ... 11
2.1 Introduction......................................... 11
2.2 Possible Micro-Grid System Configurations............ 11
2.3 Introduction to Wind Generators ..................... 13
2.4 Switched-Reluctance Machine ......................... 18
2.5 Some Typical SRM Converters ......................... 19
2.6 Some Key Issues a SRG ............................... 24
2.7 Inverters for Micro-Grid Systems..................... 25
2.7.1 Single-Phase SPWM Inverters ....................... 26
2.7.2 Three-Phase SPWM Inverters ........................ 28
2.8 Some HF Isolated Single-Phase Inverters ............. 31
2.9 Power Quality Parameters ............................ 34
CHAPTER 3 ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMON DC BUS VOLTAGE BY WIND DRIVEN SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE GENERATOR .................... 37
3.1 Introduction......................................... 37
3.2 Basic Characteristics of Switched-Reluctance Generator................................................ 37
3.2.1 Governing Equations ............................... 38
3.2.2 An Actual Switched-Reluctance Generator ........... 40
3.3 The Developed Switched-Reluctance Generator System .. 40
3.3.1 The Employed DSP ADMC401........................... 42
3.3.2 Interfacing Circuits .............................. 42
3.3.3 Dynamic Control ................................... 45
3.4 Design and Evaluation of the Developed Switched-Reluctance Generator .................................... 49
3.5 DSP-Based Current-Fed Push-Pull DC/DC Boost Interface
Converter for Switched-Reluctance Generator ............. 60
3.5.1 The Employed DSP TMS320F2812 ...................... 60
3.5.2 Governing Equations ............................... 64
3.5.3 Ratings and Design of Circuit Components .......... 67
3.5.4 Reduction of Voltage Spike Caused by Transformer
Leakage Inductance ...................................... 70
3.6 Experimental Results ................................ 71
CHAPTER 4 ESTABLISHMENT OF BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM WITH PLUG-IN AUXILIARY SMR BASED CHARGER ................ 76
4.1 Introduction......................................... 76
4.1.1 Some Bidirectional DC/DC Converters................ 76
4.1.2 Some Single-Phase Isolated SMRs.................... 77
4.2 Bidirectional CFPP-FB DC/DC Converter................ 80
4.2.1 Discharging Mode................................... 81
4.2.2 Charging Mode ..................................... 83
4.3 Performance Evaluation for the Bidirectional CFPP-FB DC/DC Converter ......................................... 86
4.4 CFPP Based SMR for Auxiliary Charger ................ 89
4.4.1 Ratings and Design of Circuit Components .......... 89
4.4.2 Control Scheme .................................... 91
4.4.3 Common Power Circuits with the CFPP Boost Converter 92
4.5 Performance Evaluation for the CFPP Based SMR........ 93
CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENT OF THREE-PHASE LOAD INVERTER AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE WHOLE DC MICRO-GRID SYSTEM 94
5.1 Introduction......................................... 94
5.2 The Established Experimental Micro-Grid System....... 94
5.3 Three-Phase Three-Wire Inverter ..................... 96
5.3.1 System Configuration .............................. 96
5.3.2 Control Schemes.................................... 97
5.3.3 Measured Results.................................. 100
5.4 Performance Evaluation for the Common DC-Grid....... 106
5.5 Performance Evaluation for the Battery Energy Storage System ................................................. 109
5.5.1 Bidirectional CFPP-FB DC/DC Converter............. 109
5.5.2 CFPP SMR Based Auxiliary Charger ................. 114
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS .................................. 117
REFERENCES ............................................. 119

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